Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of social media Essay

Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of social media - Essay Example This is achieved through the employees themselves when they discuss ideas, post various news and information, ask questions and also share useful links. Technologically savvy organization like Nokia, presently acquired by Microsoft, has successfully implemented social media as their internal communication platform. The motto of the organization was to connect people and explore various possible ways that can enhance the internal communication. Nokia’s Social Media Communications team was established in early 2008 with the aim of improving inter-company communications and engaging employees (Carr, 2010) . The modern organizations use this as an effective and useful recruitment tool. For example, LinkedIn is the number one professional networking website that many organizations use to hunt the best talents for a job portfolio. The modern recruiters look for the profiles of the potential candidates in LinkedIn. L’Oreal, one of the largest cosmetic companies in the world, has successfully used social media for their recruitment drive (Connell, 2009). The organization has uniform branding in each country they operate. Interestingly, the job section of each website lists available positions in the country and a few links to the social networks. For example, The UK LOreal.Jobs website links to the L’Oreal Talent Recruitment Facebook page, the L’Oreal LinkedIn page, the L’Oreal Luxe TalenTube Facebook page and the @LOrealCareers Twitter feed. This helps in widening the target audience of the company, whether they want to recruit the best talent or increase their business. Because of the reach of social media, the businesses use the technology to improve their business reputation. For example, the more number of ‘Likes’ and ‘Followers’ in Facebook and Twitter give an impression of the popularity of the product, company or the brand. Social media enables enhancing the

Energy Drinks Case Study Essay Example for Free

Energy Drinks Case Study Essay There are new coming items in beverage industry during the mid-2000s, which are energy drinks, sports drinks and Vitamin-Enhanced beverages. These items focus on different flavors, specified consumers, efficient distribution systems, and products innovation in the beverage market. They compete with water, soft drinks, juices, tea, and other common drinks, which are in low prices, good and long history of brand reputation, easy to accept the taste. From 2005 until now, alternative beverages grow fast and take more and more market share in the whole world beverage market. The main alternative beverages companies are Coca Cola, PepsiCo, Red Bull and Hansen Natural Corporation. Energy drinks, spots drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages use many strategies to find a good position in the beverage industry in the Global market, which also give us some ideas about how to operate beverage companies. Firstly, alternative beverages take the action via wider product selection, better product quality, good delivery system to gain sales and market share. For example, PepsiCo develops 12 flavors of Amp Energy drinks and 28 varieties of SoBe vitamin-enhanced drinks (Gamble, 2010, p. C-83). Again, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola through their own soft drinks distribution channels to deliver energy drinks at the same time, which reduce much time and cost. Secondly, energy drinks take big actions to enter emerging market opportunities, like most Asia countries and South America. For example, alternative beverages take 31. 5% market share in Asia-Pacific in 2009 (Gamble, 2010, p. C77). Thirdly, Energy drinks, spots drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages try to acquire or merge with other small companies to strengthen market standing and competitiveness. For instance, PepsiCo has a multiyear distribution agreement with Rockstar to distribute Rockstar energy drinks in the United States and Canada (Gamble, 2010, p. C-83). Coca-Cola also has a multiyear distribution agreement with Hansen Natural Corporation to distribute Hansen’s Monster energy drink in some areas of the United States, Canada, and six European countries (Gamble, 2010, p.C-84). SWOT Analysis Strengths| Weaknesses| * Healthier than traditional soda. * Global brands * New product development * Strong manufacturing and distribution capabilities * Strong support of parent company| * High price * Consumer limitation| Opportunities| Threats| * Growing demand for healthy drinks * High growth developing markets * Cost reduction measures| * Traditional drinks competition which includes price and taste * Regulations and law * Health risks * Environment problem * New entrents|. To solve weaknesses and threats, alternative beverages industry companies set up business models to match the customer value and gain profit. Firstly, Energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages companies develop many different flavors to match different customers’ taste. Second, these companies also focus on different customers’ demands. Third, they sell products in many different locations, not only supermarkets, but also convenience stores and vending machines around every corner, which give convenient service to customers. Fourth, alternative beverage companies always try to follow the state law and regulations. Try to avoid risk ingredients. Fifth, to pretend the health risk, some companies placed warnings on their products labels. Sixth, because many people and organizations are focus on environment issues, alternative beverages’ plastic bottles and cans are really concern by these people. To solve this problem, beverage companies recycle plastic bottles and cans to keep pollution away. I also have some recommendations to alternative beverage companies to grow bigger and faster in the global market. First, try to make innovation on the local taste in different countries. Do research on people’s taste in various countries. McDonald’s is a good example in promoting global market. McDonald’s knows Indian people don’t eat beef and pork and love spicy food, so McDonald’s over there never have any product with beef or pork but with more spicy taste. Again, don’t put sensitive ingredients in the drinks. People are more curious about health and drink ingredients. Many organizations are strict with it, too. Try to produce healthier and more nutritious drinks to the market. Moreover, drinks’ function attempts to everyone, but not only for a small group of people. Nowadays, teenage boys always buy energy drinks, people who do sports, fitness, or other strenuous activities bought sports drinks; adult consumers are interested in buying vitamin-enhanced beverages (Gamble, 2010, p. C-77). What I recommend is alternative beverage companies should develop beverages suitable for most people. White collar can drink energy drinks; sports people also suitable to buy some kinds of vitamin-enhanced beverages. Additionally, don’t publicize the function too powerful. Some alternative drinks have some special effects, but not like what the advertisement said. If the company wants to operate for a long time running, it should be honest and act in good faith. Last but not least, incumbents of alternative drinks use strong brand preferences, high degrees of customer loyalty, significant cost advantages to keep new entrants out of the market. References: Gamble, John E. (2010). Competition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-77. Gamble, John E. (2010). Competition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-79. Gamble, John E. (2010). Competition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-83. Gamble, John E. (2010). Competition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-84.

A History of UK Newspapers | Analysis

A History of UK Newspapers | Analysis This newspaper assignment will set out to critically analyse newspapers by comparing political persuasion, ownership, readership, content and style. The chosen two newspapers that will be analysed will be The Sun and The Guardian. The researcher has chosen to analyse, for this assignment a newspaper story exposing taxpayers cash being wasted by EU chiefs. A brief history of Newspapers British newspapers can be traced back to the 17th century, but they were very different to the types of newspapers many people read today, the information in these early newspapers mainly got distributed to the public in the form of posters, news sheets or pamphlets. The first true British newspaper to be published in Britain similar to the ones we read today was the Oxford Gazette in the year 1665. (London-gazette.co.uk). Although this newspaper was originally called the Oxford Gazette it later changed its name to the London Gazette because of a decision by King Charles the II to move his government to Oxford. The London Gazette from the beginning was a good source of reliable news, especially for information overseas. In fact Wellingtons Waterloo victory was published first in the London Gazette. (London-gazette.co.uk). Brief history of The Sun newspaper The Sun was first published on the 25th of January 1911 and was originally called The Daily Herald. Initially a left wing paper, it was printed periodically to offer support to strikers at the time. In 1922 it became the official newspaper of the (TUC) Trade Union Congress and was a Labour Party supporter at the time. (Historic newspapers.co.uk). After changing its name from The Daily Herald to The Sun, The Sun printed its first edition on the 15th of September 1964. After a short period of two months from the first edition, world media tycoon Rupert Murdoch acquired The Sun after unsuccessful bids by Robert Maxwell. (Historic newspapers.co.uk). The Sun newspaper is owned by The News Corporation Group and is part of the News Group Newspapers. Published daily it sells over 2899,310 copies per day, and at its peak in the mid 90s The Sun was selling over 4,000,000 newspapers a day. Normally considered to be Conservative, The Sun has been known for supporting the ruling party, and even supported Tony Blair during his three election wins. (Historic newspapers.co.uk). The readership age average of The Sun is 15-24 year old, having a higher % of male reading The Sun than females. The Southeast of England has been shown to have the highest readership of The Sun newspaper. (Ipsos-mori.com). Brief history of The Guardian newspaper The Guardian newspaper, originally known as the Manchester Guardian was first published on May the 5th 1821 and founded by a man named John Edward Taylor. The Manchester Guardians intention at the time was to promote liberal interest in the aftermath of the Peterloo Massacre and the growing campaign to repel Corn Laws that Manchester suffered from at the time. To begin with the newspaper was published weekly until 1836 when it was published every Wednesday and Saturday, by 1855 the newspaper became daily. (Guardian.co.uk). Under the editorship of C.P Scott, The Guardian achieved national and international recognition and held this post for 57 years. CP Scott bought the paper in 1907 pledging to uphold the principles of the founders, that the newspaper would retain its independence. After retiring from an active role in managing and editing the newspaper, C.P Scott passed control to his two sons John Russell as manager and Edward Taylor as editor, where these roles would remain until the death of C.P Scott in 1932. Unfortunately only four months after the death of his father, Edward Scott died and sole ownership was passed to J.R Scott. In 1936 this sole ownership was then formally passed to the trustees of The Scott Trust. In 1944 AD Wadsworth took the post of editor where in 1964 the editor and paper moved to London. (Guardian.co.uk). The political persuasion of The Guardian as always learned towards the left supporting Labour throughout most its history, however it has been known to support the LibDems and even supported Conservative in the 1955 election. (Guardian.co.uk). The average readership age of The Guardian is 24-34 year old, with a higher % of males reading The Guardian than females, London has the highest readership of this newspaper. (Ipos-mori.com). The difference between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers Income, age, social class and education have all been shown to have a positive correlation between who reads broadsheet or tabloid newspapers. Tabloid newspapers are usually smaller than broadsheet papers with a simple style, having many more photographs and often focusing on gossip and celebrity news rather than political affairs. Tabloids prefer to use a journalese style of writing promoting emotion in its readers using words like huge, crackdown, bubbly blonde, love rat, love child and cops instead of Police. Broadsheets in contrast like to use longer sentences and paragraphs often going into greater detail in their stories using a less dramatic approach in their writing style. (English lesson 2, newspaper hand out). Analysing the newspaper articles on Yuri Gagarins 50th anniversary first space flight The first main difference that is noticeable between the two chosen newspapers is the style of headlines, The Sun states in its headline First man in space parachuted into a ploughed field and had to borrow farmers phone to tell Moscow he was safe. The Sun is clearly using a comical approach in this headline trying to show the incompetence of the Russian space program at the time, in contrast The Guardian uses a more professional approach in its headlines stating Yuri, we have a problem: secrets of Gagarin trip revealed. The second noticeable difference is the introduction of the two stories, The Sun emphasiss emotion in its readers by using big words such as out of this world, huge blow, and his feat. However The Guardian hints at more informative facts within its story, taking a professional approach mentioning Newly released files cast light on hitches, drawing its readers into the story by hinting at facts and figures. The third noticeable difference between the two stories is how the two papers are structured. The Sun breaks its story up into little sections by using subheadings such as Orbit, Blurry and Spirit, making the story quicker and easier to read by jumping to certain sections of the story if the reader chooses too. The Guardian however chooses not to do this, making for a more comprehensive read. The fourth difference between the two papers is how they give the information within the story. The Sun chooses to give little snippets of information, giving their readers a choice to gain information quickly if they choose too, they do this by adding a timeline and adding subsections. The Guardian again, chooses not do this only giving their readers a choice of the main story or a sub story on a mall statue. The fifth difference is the style of picture between the two papers The Sun uses a larger more dramatic picture mixed with images such as the Vostok 1 blasting off, Gagarins funeral, Images of space and Yuri Gagarin in training. The Guardian however has a much smaller picture only showing Gagarin in his cosmonaut suit. The sixth and final difference between the two newspaper stories is how they are written. The Sun uses a journalese style of writing, for example its story has many words such as tiny, plunges, dramatic, plummeting and profoundly making for a very dramatic read. The Guardian however has a more down to earth approach to its story using more formal words such as technical, acceptable, apparatus and intrigue. Conclusion From analysing the two newspapers it can be clearly seen that they are designed to cater for two very different types of readers. The Guardian seems to be aimed for a more professional type of clientele. The reader of this paper will probably have a university education, with strong political views. The Guardian readers are also more likely commute to work on long train journeys. The style of writing in The Guardian paper gives a more comprehensive read with an in-depth approach to facts and figures it is perfectly suited to the more professional type of individual. The Sun, in contrast seems to be aimed at a totally different type of clientele. With its eye catching headlines and easy to read stories giving short snippets of information. This paper is ideally suited to the individual who is not that fussy on politics, whose education probably ended in college or secondary school, and makes short journeys to work getting small tea breaks throughout the day. The style of The Sun newspaper is perfectly suited to this type of individual who is probably on the go most of the day and doesnt get much time to take in the daily news.

Free Catcher in the Rye Essays: The Highly Overrated Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

The Overrated Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is probably the most frequently taught book in American high schools and colleges in the second half of the twentieth century. I am not too sure, though, if the novel deserves the position it has held for so long. The book sees the narrator, Holden Caulfield, a seventeen-year-old boy from New York City, tell the story of three days in his life. The whole narrative is a kind of therapeutic coming-to-terms-with-the-past story, since Holden obviously tells it from a psychiatric institution. It is the adult world that has made him a "madman," as he often characterizes himself. He just cannot relate to anyone except for his kid sister Phoebe. Everything and all other people seem "phony" to him. He flunks out of three boarding schools in a row, the latest of them Pencey Prep, which is also where the first part of the story takes place. One Saturday night, after some last experiences with his history teacher "Old Spencer," his roommate Stradlater and the boy next door, Robert Ackley, Holden decides to leave Pencey four days early for Christmas break. He knows that he cannot return and that his parents will get a letter about his suspension on Wednesday. He spends the night and the following two days wandering around New York in a kind of aimless quest: He stays at a cheap hotel for one night, goes to two night clubs, dances with older women, often talks and thinks about sex, even has a callgirl come up to his room, but cannot get himself to perform the act. Finally, he gets beaten up by the callgirl's pimp. The next day, he talks with some nuns about literature and has a date with his former girlfriend Sally Woodruff. They go to a theater show and ice-skating together. When he asks her to run away with him, she gets mad and they part. He is "depressed," thinks about and even talks to his dead bro ther Allie a lot and finally sneaks into his parents' apartment at night to talk to his sister. He tells her about his dream to be a "catcher in the rye," and that he wants to run away. He then leaves to meet his former teacher, Mr. Antolini. They have a good talk, but Holden leaves in a hurry when his host makes a sexual advance on him.

Longxi Machinery Works – Case Analysis

LongXi Machinery Works Problem Statement LongXi is geared to increase its market share for small multi-cylinder diesel engines but the growing quality concern over production of critical parts is jeopardizing LongXi’s growth in the agricultural sector market. Continued quality issues with our DGS, a critical part within LongXi’s Small Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine has resulted in breakdown, engine failure and loss production at several customers. Customer complaints are increasing and we need to react to and eliminate our quality concerns. We must develop ways to improve quality in house. Our QC group is well established therefore we are recommending that we collect and analyze data relative to why the DGS is failing and from that data collection, make improvement to correct the recurring quality problems. Situation Analysis Customer Relationship Customer relations for LongXi Machinery Works are highlighted in the company’s background. We are one of several medium sized companies that share 55 per cent of the market share not occupied by larger single-cylinder engine manufacturers. Our primary market is the agricultural machinery sector of China. Since our inception, our competitive priority was in manufacturing various single and multi-cylinder diesel engines. These engines served four primary customers. Due to changes in China’s agricultural machinery sector that increased buying power, sales of diesel-powered agricultural machinery is seeing a ten percent continual growth over a five year period. Because of this growth, our sales estimate equate to 85 percent of the overall 10 percent growth over the same five year period. The attached table shows a comparison to one of our primary competitors – Changchou Diesel Engine Works (Changchai). As you can see from the comparison table, LongXi is a much smaller company to Changchai. Changchai is one of the four large manufacturers that account for 45 percent of the market and we are one of the several smaller companies that equate for the remaining 55 percent. Process Analysis Sawing Department The duo-gear shaft (DGS) is manufactured at LongXi using a batch manufacturing process in which small quantities of parts are process at a time. The process flow for the DGS starts in the warehouse where raw material is sawed to the desired length. Three of six machines are used to prepare the raw material for the DGS. Based on the initial step in the process flow, using the six available machines will allow more parts to flow through the process which would increase operating cost, but would significantly reduce process time. This process change could help in reducing the overall cost of the DGS unit. Machining Department The next operation in the manufacturing process is the machining process. This process consists of Grinding, Lathe and Drilling machines. Only the lathes and the drilling machines are used in this area of the machining department in the initial phase of the machining process. The lathe process is the first process in the machining department. After the lathe process, parts are stacked on each operator’s tool box until the material handler moves them to the drilling operation. After each machining process the parts are transported via carts by a material handler to the next process. Typically, in other machining operations, the lathe and drilling process could be combined into one operation where the parts would be cut to length and the holes would be drilled using the same machine. This would require significant capital investment by LongXi but it would reduce wait and transportation time between processes. This would also eliminate the need for operators to stack parts on their tool boxes. Thermal Treatment Department The thermal treatment process is the most important process in respect to the overall quality of the DGS part. As stated, thermal treatment is needed to develop the proper hardness of the DGS after the initial machining operations. With respect to the heat treatment process of the DGS, the DGS goes through a preheat process where the part is heated to approximately 200c – 300c for ten minutes. Workers were then expected to judge this process based on visual cues and overall time. Since this is the initial phase of the heat treatment process, it is important that the part is preheated to the correct temperature to maintain consistency throughout the remaining processes. Perhaps an automatic temperature sensor and timer can be added to the preheat furnace to indicate when the part is within the temperature range for the allotted time. This would eliminate the inconsistency of the workers judgment. Processing the DGS through the main furnace is set up to have the furnace monitor the heat cycle and times and then records them on a chart recorder. While this is good, the operator is once again asked to manually hold the parts until the cycle is complete. This again can introduce inconsistency into the process. The tempering process is a very important step in the overall heat treatment process. This step is automated and electrically controlled. There is a ten minute wait time for each basket of parts between the quenching process and the tempering process. The DGS is then returned to the machining department a second time for grinding. This operation is a two shift operation utilizing one operator per shift. The attached Fishbone chart outlines possible problems causes we are currently experiencing with the overall manufacturing process. In summary, the current process to manufacture the DGS is setup as a job shop where similar machines are grouped together. Although this process creates flexibility with the way product flow through each operation, the manufacturing process for the DGS at LongXi can be improved significantly. We need to create a separate process to manufacture the DGS. One way to do so is to start by combining processes to eliminate non-value-added activities such as part transfer between operations. The lathe and the drilling process can also be combined into one operation. Adding more automation for part transfer can also reduce NVA. As a result of combining processes, more floor space can be freed up for parts storage. Total Quality Management Quality Inspection Quality management is a major part of the DGS manufacturing process. Approximately 130 quality inspectors are responsible for quality throughout the organization. Three types of inspection are done throughout each operation. Initial Inspection, Patrol Inspection and Final Inspection. This is an area of quality that needs to be addressed. Typically in manufacturing operations this amount of inspection at each operation is excessive and can lead to problems instead of solutions. With the workers taking responsibility for quality and having a final inspection at the end of each process seem enough for the DGS process. Customer Satisfaction In terms of customer satisfaction most of our quality inspection is done to satisfy our internal customers or upstream processes. Quality is built into the product after each operation where the process is not complete until a final inspection. This done to ensure that the next process/customer receives a quality part with the belief that our external customer will ultimately receive a quality product. We are still working on satisfying our customer in the agricultural market sector in some areas. We are producing a product that meets our customer’s specification, our product has value and we provide adequate support when we have an engine failure. However, in the areas of consistent quality and on-time delivery, we are lacking and must improve. Employee Involvement Along with the other inspection processes within the departments, workers were also responsible for ensuring high quality production. A process called Self Inspection is used by workers to verify their own quality. Workers were also encouraged to use Mutual Inspection which meant that the quality of upstream operations was verified. Workers were also responsible for notifying quality inspectors to conduct other necessary inspections. Employee involvement is also active at LongXi through the formation of our QC Group. This group is made up of Line Workers, Managers, and Engineers. The main focus of the QC Group was to focus on the metallurgical issues that might be causing the quality problems with the DGS. The QC Group’s activities were guided by a manual called the â€Å"Method†. This manual gave direction on working routines, rules for quality improvement targets, and brainstorming techniques. Instructions for encouraging employee enthusiasm and customer suggestions were also included in the â€Å"Method†. We rely heavily on employee involvement as tools necessary to improve our overall product quality. We rely heavily on employee involvement in several ways. We have teams setup that establishes goals for marketing, production, profits and employee benefits. These goals are later translated into quotas which are distributed throughout the company and are analyzed monthly. To further implement and build upon the concept of employee involvement to improve overall product quality, each department within the company is viewed as a customer and efforts are being made to correct and eliminated product defects before it is passed on to the next customer. However, we must continue our efforts to improve overall quality. One immediate recommendation would be to continue the developing the Quality Group and the motivation/reward system that rewards employee involvement in quality improvements. There are significant gaps in training between the Quality Group members and the production line workers. Improving the reward system is also a significant improvement that needs to be addressed. Most of our re-accruing quality problems are being generated from lack of motivation of production and technical personnel. A better or improved reward/motivation system will help that problem. Continuous Improvement Most of LongXi’s continuous improvement efforts were driven by the overall goals of the SOE and the government of China, and demand for external customers. Most of the continuous improvement efforts were directed through the fulfillment of the â€Å"Market, Management, Quality, Profit† credo. The management team developed action plans in areas such as technological improvements, quality improvements, and new product introduction. The goals from the development of the action plans were then distributed throughout the company and each month, each department analyzed the actual versus what was planned. Continuous improvement is also being applied at LongXi such as: †¢ Adding new assembly lines. †¢ New group processing centers. †¢ Implementing action plans for technological improvements, quality improvements and new product introduction. In Summary, we have made significant steps to satisfy our customers, involve our employees and improve our product line but our overall product quality remains a major concern and the implementation of an overall quality system will be necessary to overcome this concern. Getting and keeping management involvement in the Quality Group is also a significant step forward in improving the current quality problem. Our management team will have to be more involved in driving and monitoring quality improvement goals especially at the production line worker level. This would ensure that overall production and quality issues are addressed and supported. Technical support continued to be inadequate at the production line worker level which is where the work is done to produce the DGS. Alternatives New Thermal Treatment Department |   |   | |Pro |   |Con | |Focus on efficiency to improve quality |   |Current production is hurting quality | |Capacity limited |   |May not have space needed unless major improvements are made | |Complete automated process |   |Significant investment | |New machines |   |Older equipment relied on human Judgment | | | | | |Outsource the production of the DGS |   |   | |Pro |   |Con | |Focus on efficiency to imp rove quality |   |Part is inexpensive | |   |   |Continued quality problems impacting future business | |   |   |Company location | | | | | |Eliminate Products Using the DGS |   |   | |Pro |   |Con |Focus on efficiency to improve quality |   |Product is key to future sales | | | | | |Develop New Quality Process |   |   | |Pro |   |Con | |Focus on efficiency to improve cost |   |Different way of operating business | |Focus on improving quality |   |Time | |Better customer satisfaction |   |Re-training all employees | Decision and Action Plan We do not recommend eliminating the production of the DGS. This part is a critical part used in all of the multi-cylinder engines that we produce. Eliminating this product would significantly hurt our overall business of producing and selling multi-cylinder engines. We do not recommend outsourcing production of the DGS. The part is relatively inexpensive and outsourcing the part would add significant cost the engine. Also, it is unclear that this would eliminate the quality problems. We recommend that we consider improvements to the Thermal Treatment department. The best solution would be to make the process 100% automated to eliminate any judgment or inconsistency on the part of the production workers. Although buying new machines would be an acceptable implementation for this decision, it would require less capital investment and provide consistency throughout the thermal treatment process. We recommend that improvements to the initial phase of the thermal treatment process be implemented first since that is the critical first step in establishing verall consistency throughout the process. Although we have made significant improvement and received several quality awards, we recommend that improvement be implemented to provide more technical support at the production line worker level. This would r equire more management involvement to make sure the right individuals were placed on teams and included in workshops that could train and take information back to the production line. As far as long-range quality management, we recommend that in order to maintain our quality improvement efforts that we become ISO 9000 certified. This certification will validate our efforts and move us closer toward becoming a world class company. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Appendices | | | | | |COMPETITOR COMPARISON | | |   | | | |Changchai | | | |LongXi | | | | | | | |Production Volume | | | |1. mil | | | |86,900 | | | | | | | |Revenues | | | |3 bil | | | |176 mil | | | | | | | |% of export sales | | | |8% | | | |   | | | | | | |% domestic sales | | | |92% | | | |85% | | | | | | | |profit | | | |208 mil | | | |6. 5 mil | | | | | | | |gross margin/unit | | | |2. 6 bil | | | |   | | | | | | | |verti cal integration | | | |   | | | |yes | | | | | | | |external partnership | | | |yes | | | |yes | | | | | | | |ISO 9000 | | |yes | | | |no | | | | | | | |Technology investment | | | |yes | | | |yes | | | | | | | |Better Quality | | | |yes | | | |no | | | | | | | [pic]

Colonial Slavery essays

Colonial Slavery essays Slavery had begun on an economical basis, however by the late seventeenth century racial discrimination sculpted the American slave system. Slavery throughout the 1607 and 1775 grew in the southern colonies due to many economic, agricultural, and social factors. Englands southern mainland colonies, such as Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia were dominated by a plantation economy in which profitable stable crops were the rule (mainly rice and tobacco). Slavery was present in all these plantation colonies. Rice was an exotic food in England, however rice was grown in Africa. Therefore, Carolinians were soon paying paramount prices for West African slaves that were experienced and supposedly well skilled in rice cultivation. Chesapeake tobacco growers responded to the falling prices by planting more and bringing more product to market, therefore increasing the need for labor. Conversely, families formed to slowly, Indians quickly died when in contact with whites (due to disease), and African slaves were too expensive. Consequently, England had an excess of yeoman farmers willing to sacrifice themselves as indentured servants just for employment and its benefits in the colonies. During this period Chesapeake pl anters brought about 100,000 indentured servants to the region by 1700. Drastic change came in the 1680s when rising wages in England caused the diminishment of individuals willing to sacrifice for a new life in America. In 1698 the Royal African Company lost its crown-granted monopoly on carrying slaves to the colonies, triggering enterprising Americans to invest on the profitable slave trade. Slaves primarily executed the sweaty labor of clearing swamps, grubbing out tress, and other unskilled tasks of such. The Africans agricultural skill and their immunity to malaria made them the idyllic laborers on the hot and swampy rice plantations. In the deepest S ...

White Collar Crime essays

White Collar Crime essays In our society in America crimes can be separated into two distinct categories, white collar and blue collar crimes. White collar crimes consist of non-violent offenses that perpetuate cheating dishonesty, and corruption. On the other hand, Blue collar crime consists of refers to the visibly apparent form of crime that takes shape in the form of primarily violent offenses sometimes referred to as "street crimes. The treatment of white collar crimes verses blue collar crimes is unethical and there exists a disparity by the nature of the crimes and the social status of the criminal. White collar crime in our society often goes unnoticed in our society due to an apathetic nature toward crimes that do not physically hurt someone. Many people feel that blue collar crime is a larger threat in our society then white collar crime. In regards to white collar crime, Fraud and abuse costs U.S. organizations more than $400 billion annually (www.diogenesllc.com/whitecollarfraudstats.html). This loss is substantially larger then blue collar crime. Many people in this class have committed a white collar crime and probably do not know it; these crimes could range from borrowing computer software that one did not purchase to downloading copyrighted music off of the internet. To many people it is not a crime, but a way around the system. The nature of white collar crime is generally deemed as a nonviolent and can extend to some of the following areas such as: Bank Fraud, Black Mail, Credit Card Fraud, Forgery, Embezzlement, and Tax Evasion (ckfraud.org/whitecollar.html). The manners in which these crimes are committed are usually behind closed doors, with computers or telephones. By using these methods it is not visibly apparent of the damage that these crimes cause. The damage of white collar crimes affect everyone not just the victims. The victims of white collar crimes extend to everyone through higher retail pric...

The best states for job hunting in 2019

The best states for job hunting in 2019 It’s a whole new year, and for many people, that means it’s time to make a fresh start. That may entail settling in a new state, finding a new job, or maybe even both. If you are considering a radical life change in 2019, it might be useful to look into which states have the most thriving job markets- doing so may help you map out a game plan for the new year states with a thriving job market. ColoradoDespite labor shortages, Colorado is still adding jobs like there’s no tomorrow. Over 2018, some 73,000 new positions opened in the Centennial State. New employees tend to be flooding in from outside of Colorado’s borders, proving that it is an attractive spot to resettle and guaranteeing that it has become a hub of new construction. Those jobs are in a wide selection of areas, from the service industry to high-tech.WashingtonAs living costs in California’s Silicon Valley balloon, many techies are fleeing to Washington State. The Puget Sound tech commu nity there is really benefitting from all those new recruits. Washington is home to such heavy hitters as Amazon, Microsoft, and Facebook. For those looking for less-intimidating employers, there are also many attractive startups popping up in Washington, and the 96,000 new jobs that needed filling in 2018 have also stimulated substantial growth in the state’s construction industry. However, the biggest growth of all has been in retail.TexasAs oil prices spring back, Texas is feeling serious growth these days. The state began 2018 with the country’s most speedily expanding economy, and no state can compete in terms of the number of new jobs created over the year- we’re talking about 352,000 jobs here! For those who are looking for work outside of mining, there is also plentiful work in construction and health care.NevadaAs new construction soars in Las Vegas and 37,000 new jobs have emerged over the past year, Nevada is looking like a good gamble in 2019. The st ate is emerging as a major provider of something the world desperately needs these days: clean energy. Near Reno, Tesla recently constructed a multi-billion dollar factory and is looking to fill it with 10,000 new employees. Other companies such as Panasonic and Switch have also set their sites on Nevada, while housing markets are getting stronger and stronger.UtahAs industries ranging from tech to tourism to construction boom in Utah, there are many slots waiting to be filled. Over the past year, the state added approximately 50,000 jobs. The nucleus of that expansion is Wasatch Front, which is like Utah’s very own Silicon Valley. Adobe and Snap are snapping up new employees, and many of them are eager to move into the million dollar homes rapidly springing up in the area. And looking toward the . future, $1 billion dollars of road construction is also planned for the Beehive State.IdahoWith an unemployment rate currently around 2.7%, Idaho is second only to Hawaii for the l owest percentage of unemployed citizens in the United States. Unlike Hawaii, Idaho boasts the highest rate of job growth in the country, making it an ideal place to relocate for job seekers looking for stability. In fact, the state’s whole economy is swelling with a fresh influx of new blood from big cities looking to lower their living costs.Federal employment is at a high in Idaho, with new jobs opening at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Labor Management. Semiconductor-developer Micron Technology in Boise and the non-profit St. Luke’s Health System are also big employers in Idaho. All of the state’s new residential and industrial construction and new job growth are practically wiping away memories of the 2007-2009 recession and ensuring that 2019 will continue a strong time in the Gem State.

Citigroup as an Investment bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Citigroup as an Investment bank - Research Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze Citigroup’s investment banking segment. Investment banks aid in the underwriting of security deals in the process of raising capital for their corporate clients. In addition, investment bankers provide a myriad of other financial services to make sure the deals meet the entire financial and legal requirements by handling transactional aspects of the deals. Citigroup is a reputable global financial institution with a very highly diverse financial services portfolio providing the services in investment banking in many countries in the world. While Citigroup has both commercial and retail banking sections, the bank also prides itself in having one of the best investment banks in the world, with many of its deals running into billions of dollars each. While retail and commercial banking includes the taking of deposits by the bank, the investment banking sector precludes the taking of deposits, and instead engages in facilitation of transacti ons and promotion of securities. Citi’s investment bank is among the top ten in world, making over $3.2 billion in fees for the year 2010. The group’s investment baking section leads in many regional financial services markets, and has won numerous awards for its investment banking operations. Citigroup was formed in 1998, after the merger of Citicorp and Travelers in a $70 billion merger. City Bank’s origin dates back to 1812, which gives the financial institution a 200-year legacy in the banking industry as of this year. Citigroup has since become a world-renowned financial institution with diverse banking specialties. The bank boasts of a vibrant presence in over 100 countries and a workforce of over a quarter of a million employees. The investment banking section of the financial services group accounts for billions of dollars’ worth of transactions, and thrives against a backdrop of brutal investment banking competitors with a global presence in the industry. Initially, the law disallowed the merger of commercial and investment services by a single financial services entity before the year 1998. However, with the timely passing of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act at the turn of the twenty first century is what many financial analysts regard as the single most important contributor to the success of many financial institutions such as Citi’s investment banking segments. Primarily, investment banks turn profits by charging fees and commissions for their services (Jobs Digest, 2010). Citigroup offers many investment banking services, which involve underwriting services, issuance of capital in primary and secondary markets, and making debt arrangements on behalf of their clients. The clients include governments, corporations and wealthy individuals and families. The amount of money investment banks make has risen considerably over the last few years. However, many investment banks reported numerous losses that crippled their opera tions and forced many into merger and acquisition deals and government bailouts during the 2008 global economic crisis. Citigroup reinforced its loyalty with its customers for sustaining the economic blow without a bail out from the government. The crisis in the investment banking sector was mainly attributable to the deals in sub-prime lending deals (Jobs Digest, 2010), which fell into default and made the banks suffer historical and crippling losses. Citigroup lost 35% stake to the state in the heat of the economic meltdown (Jobs Digest, 2010). Citigroup has four major regions: North America, EMEA (Europe Middle East and Africa), Latin America, and Asia. Each of these regions made $544, $1,224, $ 653, $1,253 billion worth of transactions respectively for the year ending 2010, totaling to $3,674 billion. The group is also one of the favorite in an emerging class of investors in the internet

Art and architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art and architecture - Essay Example This feature of art came with the civilization of humans, and it was dominant among the Middle Eastern Cultures, which included Egypt and Assyria. Actually, they were a development of pictorial images where the aspect of three dimensions was captured in the end products. In America, the art was introduced by the Italian sculptors. Below is a relief sculpture of the famous Mohammed and historical law-givers. This bas type figure is found in the Supreme Court building. The building is based in Washington, DC. Corinthian column Corinthian columns represent some of the oldest Greek architecture. It dates back to the fifth century BC. They came into existence through the inventions of Callimachus, who was a sculptor and architect then in Greece. It is named after Corinth, which is a city in Greece. It is amazing that despite this technology having originated in Greece, it is more advanced and widely used in other parts of the world like Rome, Italy and America than it is used in Greece. A dditionally, among all the orders which had been developed by then, it remains to be the most ornate to date. Basically, it is just a column style which depicts classical orders for architecture, and it has its top decorated with very lavish ornaments as seen from the picture below. The tops have a finishing, which makes them look as flowers and acanthus leaves, and the shaft is grooved but not necessarily always. The ornaments flare outwards. This is the Corinthian column found at the Library of Congress in Washington, DC. Similar style is found at the Supreme Court building. The finishing styles may vary. Dome In its simplest form, a dome can be described as an architectural hemisphere which in most cases forms the roofs of buildings. It is hollow inside and mostly has a polygonal base which holds it strong. Dome structures are very strong, and since times immemorial, they have been used to depict efficiency and strength of architectural designs and structures. Many years ago in t he Middle East, domes were common in modest buildings or tombs of eminent persons houses, but the architecture was accentuated by the Roman Architecture Revolution in temple architecture. Domes technology was further advanced by spread of Christianity. The Muslim influence through the conquest of Greek-Roman Syria also adopted the technology in almost all their structures. The name â€Å"dome† credits the shape of the structure, which is a round-vault. Today, this technology still continues, and in America it was influenced by the ideologies of the Renaissance period. The US Capitol build has a dome on its roof, and it is used to signify the strength of democracy, which the US advocates, and efficiency in the building of the structure. Below is the picture of the Dome of the US Capital. Engaged column This is a very expensive architecture technology. Basically, it is a column that is partially attached to the wall. It can be said to be a â€Å"hemisphere column,† but t he projections vary between a third and a quarter of its diameter. This configuration earns its name, â€Å"the engaged column,† from the aspect of it being engaged to the wall. All over the world, the technology has been used most in cella walls. It is very common in the Roman architecture, mainly being used for ornamental purposes in the architecture. Historically, they were observed in the fifth

Health Value Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Value Policy - Research Paper Example As per my spiritual beliefs I consider myself strictly accountable to the job, assigning authorities for any on job mishap. Nurses are in charge to carry out all critical operations during one’s treatment and therefore they are also accountable for the on job negligence. Healthcare policies of different institutions not only affect their performance but also influence healthcare providers working for that institution and the society at large. Therefore it is highly significant to formulate such policies which are beneficial for both the institution and the community. Cost, quality and social issues play a very crucial role when it comes to healthcare because ethical principles for nurses are basically judged on these three variables. For instance, justice, beneficence and autonomy (Gelling, 1999) are the most important ethical principles for me being a nurse. However, at times my ethical conduct is greatly challenged by the cost of treatment, the quality of management and exis ting social issues in a way that justice calls to maintain equal treatment opportunities for every individual (Butts, 2008) but cost of treatment does not always allow that. Similarly, autonomy affects the quality since I as a nurse want to extend my maximum skills and abilities towards the patients but on the other hand the healthcare policy might not permit me to do so. Social issues particularly those concerning the young generation affect my principle of beneficence because today people do not want to take medical help for their issues other than physical health (Butts, 2008). For instance, a number of young people who are severely affected by psychological diseases hardly go for medical facilitation. Maintaining justice at all levels of life was a part of my upbringing and now after entering into the nursing field I hold a more firm believe over it. This is because medical treatment should be same for all irrespective of race, color or status. Moreover, justice with the duties of a nurse is another important element which must be considered in order to benefit others. Non maleficence is my spiritual belief and I am sure that no religion in the world teaches to harm others especially nurses and doctors who are ethically, religiously and socially responsible to extend healthcare benefits. My personal experience says that nurses are by nature very dedicated to their jobs however, the society at large and healthcare policies in particular influence their performance. For instance, cost of treatment is a major concern for all the healthcare institutions which actually stops the employees from performing at their best. Hence it is highly significant to make such policies which do not discriminate between rich and poor. Apart from this, healthcare policy is also affected by the government regulations and political instability. Political representatives are solely responsible to grant maximum healthcare opportunities to the mass population, however at times diffe rent taxes and huge government shares reduce the healthcare chances for the disadvantaged group of the society (Butts, 2012). The most significant inconsistency that I have discovered in the healthcare policy and in my personal beliefs is the poor relationship between beneficence and cost of treatment.

The role of International Financial Reporting Standards Essay

The role of International Financial Reporting Standards - Essay Example This facet consists of mathematical approach that most of managers do not have insight towards the norm and get scared of the mathematical issue. Other prevailing issue as per the management of numbers is that most of seniors as well as managers are busy that they do not have time give attention as far as the aspect of company data analysis and its interpretation is of more concern (Cunningham and Fiume 10-15). Many companies however, prefer to adapt the issue of numbers management for realizing their level of production. One of the companies that have adopted numbers management is the wall mart companies, one of the largest fashion companies on this world. Senior manager have articulated this norm with saying that their clients usually ask help to make them understand why workload within the company is at increase norm compared from the previous years Wal-Mart have been providing its services. Cumulatively, number management produces a stable, repeatable, and predictable pattern of variation in the output of a process as far as the aspect the aspect of business is taken into consideration. Some of the factors leading to the control of numbers and its management includes; capability of equipments, the level of training given to staff, and the choice and specification of paperwork/materials used in the process. Special Causes arise from time to time, with an unstable and unpredictable pattern. They are however, often within the control of staff or work-teams, for example in setting up and following procedures, using the correct paperwork or information (Cunningham and Fiume 21-25). Wall-mart being one of the outstanding business company worlds has had bad articulation as availed by Johnson. It is realized that in the year 2009 the company practiced manipulation on inventory counts, which is believed that it extended beyond Carmon supervised regions anticipated. As per the research, it showed that wall-mart organization decided to shrink rate of over 400 of their stores around the United States of America country, one of the issue that astonished Johnson, who was an employee and a senior manager by then. At the world of business, competition norm is evitable and that is why a standard practice comes at hand and makes us consider giving shrinkage rate of other stores an attention. Management of number generally affects only minority of people, equipment, procedures, or materials and a control Chart becomes the main tool used in SPC to give a visual representation of process performance based on data collected from the process. SPC helps one to identify any prevailing statistically significant variation that channelizes the aspect of corrective action. The Control Chart provides direction on when to take a concrete action and this in turn avoids the essence of error production. However, it also gives an oversight on when not to take an action and this avoids any possibility of over-adjustment or over-reacting from both the clients as well as employees (Cunningham and Fiume 32-36). Projecting the aspect of wall-mart numbers management, Johnson states that â€Å"It was a standard practice to look at [the shrink rates of] other stores because everyone competes with each other,† Johnson said. â€Å"When you see these overages in there that clearly should be investigated but the regional VP is saying ‘this is exactly what we're looking for,’ or ‘outstanding job,’ it is a point of concern,† Johnson said.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I think there is an unspoken culture at Wall-mart that a store is allowed to have excessive overages if it makes that store and the company look more profitable.†

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Education - Essay Example To me education means more than the custom representation of a room and someone giving the instructions, the teacher, while others takes the instruction, underlying the assumption that these instructions are supposed to be beneficial to the individual. For instance, how many days in the calendar year is someone supposed to attend school and how much of these new skills is one supposed to learn in a single day? This would purely lie on the definition of education and measure of its significance from the learner and the society’s point of view. The classical definitions of education will explain the subject and units one is supposed to take or guided through by an instructor within a given period of time. The time may take weeks, months or even years depending on the education structure of the country with scholarly terms such as terms and semesters in place (Education Review, 6). This would be the total sum of the subject the learner is taken through within the period which in most cases the monitoring of the progress is done through continuous assessment tests and the end of term or semester examinations. This does not give the quantifiable definition of what education is and the subjects of the assessment tests may not necessarily cover the â€Å"amount† the learner has acquired. So, what exactly is education and how much does the learner need to â€Å"absorb† so as to be termed as â€Å"fully educated†? Historians and theorists have come up with definitions in an attempt to holistically define origin of education and the measure to evaluate how much one needs to have achieved to be regarded as â€Å"educated†. They argue â€Å"education derived from Latin word â€Å"Educatum† which means the act of teaching or training†, while others claim â€Å"education originated from Latin word â€Å"Educere† meaning to â€Å"lead forth† or to â€Å"come out†. Some

Comic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comic - Essay Example (2004) Hopefully this paper will meet the objective of demonstrating a growing understanding of what the reading, viewing and interpretation of comics and -more specific to our topic- bande dessine, really means, as well as some of the techniques that are involved in both the creation and appreciation of two francophone comics in particular: L'autoroute du Soleil by Baru and L'annee Derniere by Phillip Dupuy. Bande Dessine (BD) or francophone "drawn strips" -a term preferred by BD authors and scholars as opposed to "comic strips", which they sustain would imply limitation of subject-matter to the comical (Wikipedia, 2005)- is also known as the Ninth Art or le neuvime art. Two important, award-winning exponents of the ninth art are Baru (born Herv Barulea, 1947, France) and Phillipe Dupuy (born 1960, France). Baru works by himself, serving as both the writer and artist of his strips and albums (works over 60 pages in length). He began by drawing on his experiences from his teenage years and travels in the 1960's. His debut came in 1982, when he got published in Pilote, but it wasn't until 1995 that his 400+ page album, L'Autoroute du Soleil (The Highway of the Sun), considered his breakthrough work, allowed him to gain exposure to larger audiences (Comiclopedia, 2005). In contrast, almost from the start of his career, Dupuy has worked as part of the duo known as Berberian-Dupuy (often mistaken for a single person bearing a sophisticated, hyphenated surname but actually the simple combination of the surnames of Charles Berberian and Phillipe Dupuy). Dupuy had begun his career working for several different BD magazines over a three-year period, but when he met Berberian there was immediate synergy and from then on it has been a partnership, if not made in heaven, at least made for the delight of BD fans around the world. L'Autoroute du Soleil This lengthy album was a result of the experimental work of the Japanese-cartoon, or manga, publishing house, Kodansha, consisting of commissioning certain authors from the Occidental world to create comics for readers in Japan. It made its debut on the Japanese comics scene as a series of instalments in the weekly magazine entitled Morning, whose target audience was comprised of 20- to 30-year-old males. It is a black and white comic or "graphic novel"1, vibrant and stark at the same time, that is representative of the beginnings of la nouvelle manga, an ongoing project of some comics authors and publishers to mesh the Japanese manga with the French bande dessine.2 This groundbreaking work reunited the two worlds in a big way, while preserving some of the main traits of Baru's work: his inclusion of daily-life events, the protagonism of youthful characters, use of the anecdotal, and anti-racism statements (Serrano, 2003) often disguised in metaphor. The drawings are dynamic and the

The role of International Financial Reporting Standards Essay

The role of International Financial Reporting Standards - Essay Example This facet consists of mathematical approach that most of managers do not have insight towards the norm and get scared of the mathematical issue. Other prevailing issue as per the management of numbers is that most of seniors as well as managers are busy that they do not have time give attention as far as the aspect of company data analysis and its interpretation is of more concern (Cunningham and Fiume 10-15). Many companies however, prefer to adapt the issue of numbers management for realizing their level of production. One of the companies that have adopted numbers management is the wall mart companies, one of the largest fashion companies on this world. Senior manager have articulated this norm with saying that their clients usually ask help to make them understand why workload within the company is at increase norm compared from the previous years Wal-Mart have been providing its services. Cumulatively, number management produces a stable, repeatable, and predictable pattern of variation in the output of a process as far as the aspect the aspect of business is taken into consideration. Some of the factors leading to the control of numbers and its management includes; capability of equipments, the level of training given to staff, and the choice and specification of paperwork/materials used in the process. Special Causes arise from time to time, with an unstable and unpredictable pattern. They are however, often within the control of staff or work-teams, for example in setting up and following procedures, using the correct paperwork or information (Cunningham and Fiume 21-25). Wall-mart being one of the outstanding business company worlds has had bad articulation as availed by Johnson. It is realized that in the year 2009 the company practiced manipulation on inventory counts, which is believed that it extended beyond Carmon supervised regions anticipated. As per the research, it showed that wall-mart organization decided to shrink rate of over 400 of their stores around the United States of America country, one of the issue that astonished Johnson, who was an employee and a senior manager by then. At the world of business, competition norm is evitable and that is why a standard practice comes at hand and makes us consider giving shrinkage rate of other stores an attention. Management of number generally affects only minority of people, equipment, procedures, or materials and a control Chart becomes the main tool used in SPC to give a visual representation of process performance based on data collected from the process. SPC helps one to identify any prevailing statistically significant variation that channelizes the aspect of corrective action. The Control Chart provides direction on when to take a concrete action and this in turn avoids the essence of error production. However, it also gives an oversight on when not to take an action and this avoids any possibility of over-adjustment or over-reacting from both the clients as well as employees (Cunningham and Fiume 32-36). Projecting the aspect of wall-mart numbers management, Johnson states that â€Å"It was a standard practice to look at [the shrink rates of] other stores because everyone competes with each other,† Johnson said. â€Å"When you see these overages in there that clearly should be investigated but the regional VP is saying ‘this is exactly what we're looking for,’ or ‘outstanding job,’ it is a point of concern,† Johnson said.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I think there is an unspoken culture at Wall-mart that a store is allowed to have excessive overages if it makes that store and the company look more profitable.†

Comic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comic - Essay Example (2004) Hopefully this paper will meet the objective of demonstrating a growing understanding of what the reading, viewing and interpretation of comics and -more specific to our topic- bande dessine, really means, as well as some of the techniques that are involved in both the creation and appreciation of two francophone comics in particular: L'autoroute du Soleil by Baru and L'annee Derniere by Phillip Dupuy. Bande Dessine (BD) or francophone "drawn strips" -a term preferred by BD authors and scholars as opposed to "comic strips", which they sustain would imply limitation of subject-matter to the comical (Wikipedia, 2005)- is also known as the Ninth Art or le neuvime art. Two important, award-winning exponents of the ninth art are Baru (born Herv Barulea, 1947, France) and Phillipe Dupuy (born 1960, France). Baru works by himself, serving as both the writer and artist of his strips and albums (works over 60 pages in length). He began by drawing on his experiences from his teenage years and travels in the 1960's. His debut came in 1982, when he got published in Pilote, but it wasn't until 1995 that his 400+ page album, L'Autoroute du Soleil (The Highway of the Sun), considered his breakthrough work, allowed him to gain exposure to larger audiences (Comiclopedia, 2005). In contrast, almost from the start of his career, Dupuy has worked as part of the duo known as Berberian-Dupuy (often mistaken for a single person bearing a sophisticated, hyphenated surname but actually the simple combination of the surnames of Charles Berberian and Phillipe Dupuy). Dupuy had begun his career working for several different BD magazines over a three-year period, but when he met Berberian there was immediate synergy and from then on it has been a partnership, if not made in heaven, at least made for the delight of BD fans around the world. L'Autoroute du Soleil This lengthy album was a result of the experimental work of the Japanese-cartoon, or manga, publishing house, Kodansha, consisting of commissioning certain authors from the Occidental world to create comics for readers in Japan. It made its debut on the Japanese comics scene as a series of instalments in the weekly magazine entitled Morning, whose target audience was comprised of 20- to 30-year-old males. It is a black and white comic or "graphic novel"1, vibrant and stark at the same time, that is representative of the beginnings of la nouvelle manga, an ongoing project of some comics authors and publishers to mesh the Japanese manga with the French bande dessine.2 This groundbreaking work reunited the two worlds in a big way, while preserving some of the main traits of Baru's work: his inclusion of daily-life events, the protagonism of youthful characters, use of the anecdotal, and anti-racism statements (Serrano, 2003) often disguised in metaphor. The drawings are dynamic and the

Olpers Uht Milk Essay Example for Free

Olpers Uht Milk Essay First introducing about milk producing capacity in Pakistan. With an estimated 33 Billions Liters of annual milk production from 50 million animals managed by approximately 8 million farming households, according to latest statistics Pakistan is the 4th largest milk producing country in the world. It has a livestock and agriculture sector contributing over 10% to the GDP, and a milk economy that in value terms is 27. 7% of the total agriculture sector. It is an untapped market, expected to grow an additional 3 billion liters in the next few years at a growth rate faster than most sectors. Undeniably, a sector with such credentials can bring about not just a radical change but also a dairy revolution in the country. The annual milk production of 33. 6 billion liters in Pakistan is shared between a 71. 1% share for the rural economy and a much smaller urban share of 29%. Only 3% of the total production of milk is processed and marketed through formal channels. For the other 97%, a multi-layered distribution system of middlemen has evolved to supply milk. The contribution of the formal sector processed milk to real GDP in Pakistan is 0. 43% in 2004-05. Despite only a small percentage (3%) of milk being processed, the (UHT) market is growing at a steady rate of 20% a year. Presently 97% of raw milk produced in the rural economy is not linked to the market mechanism because of a number of reasons (defined ahead in this paper). Due to this reason, the dairy sector in the rural economy is not making a significant impact in the National economy in accordance with its potential and also with the quantity of milk, which is available. The White Revolution is targeted to achieve an annual production of 40 billion liters of milk by 2015; it aims to create an additional 3 million jobs in the formal economy and provide an estimated 350 million rupees per day in cash flow to farmers in the sector. The Dairy Vision till 2015 . Given success of the programs discussed in this paper, what might the dairy industry look like in the year 2015. The formal sector to be 40% of the total dairy industry. Low cost but good quality pasteurized milk to be available in cities and towns accounting for 70% of Pakistan’s population. Pakistan’s dairy industry meets the needs of consumers, thus minimizing imports. The range of goods offered to consumers is as wide as in say the markets of the Gulf. The well being of farmers throughout Pakistan is enhanced, and dairying is acknowledged to be a profitable enterprise. Dairying will have lifted millions of farmers above subsistence levels of activity. A thriving commercial dairy farming sector will be in place. Well-regarded Research Institutes will be active in their chosen fields, with a focus on meeting the needs of farmers. Quality of some sectors of the industry will be such that exports are viable. UHT milk was invented in the 1960s, and became generally available for consumption in the 1970s. UHT milk has a typical shelf life of six to nine months, until opened. It can be contrasted with HTST pasteurization (high temperature/short time), in which the milk is heated to 72 °C (161. 6 °F) for at least 15 seconds UHT MILK. UHT milk is a sanitary and veterinary controlled milk which is subjected to special thermal treatment (ultra-pasteurisation or Ultra High Temperature) which destroys germs and preserves vitamins and nutrients. In the absence of bacteria activity and with the pre-sterilisation of the packaging, the milk becomes less perishable: through ultra-pasteurisation, the validity period of milk is prolonged without adding preservatives. The temperatures lies beyond the boiling point (135 150 ° C) but the boiling time is very short: 2-4 seconds). This very short stage of heating and cooling destroys bacteria and microorganisms and ensures the preservation of vitamins and proteins, unlike the normal boiling of milk, which doesn’t destroy all germs and bacteria, instead destroying its nutritional value. The validity period varies between 3-6 months, depending on the quality of the raw milk collected from farms (deriving from hygiene during milking alongside handling and storing conditions until the moment of reception in the factory). After unsealing the box, UHT milk need to be kept refrigerated and consumed within the next 3 days. HISTORY OF UHT MILK The aseptic packaging implies that both packaging and filling environment be sterilised thus preventing any recontamination of the food after being â€Å"purified† through thermal treatment. Furthermore, if we talk about UHT milk, we must know that a multilayer cardboard packaging is used, which also contains an aluminum foil in the middle, captured between the inner layers of cardboard and polyethylene. The cardboard box protects the milk from contact with light and oxygen, two factors that contribute to vitamin degradation. Vitamin B2 in milk exposed to light for 12 hours for example in a transparent recipient, degrades up to 35%. Aseptic technology is based on the invention of the Swedish company Tetra Pak, which created the first aseptic packaging in 1961. This packaging allows storing milk or other perishable liquids for a period of 3 6 months, without adding preservatives or refrigerating the product. By forming a barrier and impeding oxygen from penetrating (the packaging consists of multiple cardboard, aluminum and polyethylene layers for the food industry) and using a special technique to sterilise the packaging, aseptic technology ensures the protection of food against environmental aggressions. The International Institute for Food Technologies declared the technology of aseptic processing to be â€Å"the most important innovation of the 20th century in the industry†. Tetra Pak packaging can consist only of the cardboard and polyethylene layer (both on the outside and on the inside), in which case it is used for pasteurised milk. For UHT milk another special packaging material is used, which contains aluminum foil in the middle. Thus the packaging maintains the contents and the milk properties intact for the whole validity period of the product, because it impedes germs and light from penetrating the package (it is a known fact that light diminishes nutritional value of milk) Louis Pasteur already carried out villagers and improve their socio-economic status by experiments on sterilization of milk in bottles, but it was utilizing the agricultural raw materials. The solution is to not until around 1960, when both aseptic processing and link of know edge, skills and investments into the villages, aseptic filling technologies became commercially not only keeping appropriate technology in subsistence available, that the modern development of UHT processes level, but giving new approach in substantial manner so started. UHT-treated milk and other UHT-treated liquid that large value addition even within the limited food products are now accepted worldwide, but it has not investment is affordable by them at villages themselves.always been like that. The first UHT plant operated on the Milk production began 6000 years ago or even principle of direct steam injection. Compared with the inearlier. Practically everywhere on earth, man started container sterilization plants, the new UHT plants soon domesticating animals. As a rule herbivorous animal, gained a reputation for producing an excellent flavour. multipurpose animals were chosen to satisfy his need The first indirect plant was introduced on the market some of milk, meat, clothing etc. Farmer produces the food ten years later. Research and development have been for all human being, however today his status is intense since UHT was first introduced. Modern plants weak. Milk production is the efficient crop to him deliver a superior product with colour and nutritional and will help to improve their income. It is possible values practically unchanged. ABOUT PAKISTAN In Pakistan, modern milk processing in the dairy sector started in early 1960s, and by mid-1970s 23 milk pasteurization and sterilization plants were set up. With one exception, all of them are closed due to low consumer acceptance, the short shelf-life of the product and lack of trained manpower. The first UHT plant was set up in Pakistan in 1977. The success of this plant attracted many other investors also and during 1983-87, 20 new plants were set up. In the current situation, UHT capacity in the dairy industry is more than the demand for the product. Existing plants are operating below capacity and growth in demand is not likely to keep pace with the demand for relatively high-priced UHT milk. Initial UHT milk processing Plant IN Pakistan| Plant| Start up| Installed Capacity (liters/day)| Milko, ltd. Lahore| 1977| 25,000| MilkPak limited, sheikhupura| 1981| 150,000| Pakistan Dairies, Sahiwal| 1983| 50,000|. Halla, Pattoki| 1984| 75,000| Chaudhry Dairies, Bhai Pheru| 1986| 80,000| Milkways, tandlianwala| 1987| 90,000(2)| | | | | Plant| Location| Manufacturer of| Year of Establishment| | Nestle Milkpak ltd | Sheikhupura| UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders, yogurt| 1981| | Nestle Milkpak ltd| Kabirwala| | UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders| 2005| | Haleeb Foods limited| Bhai Pheru| UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders, yogurt| 1986| | Haleeb Foods limited| R. Y. khan| UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders| 2005| | Nirala Dairy Pvt Ltd| Tandlianwala| UHT milk, UHT cream, Milk powders| 2004| | Premier dairy Pvt. Ltd. | Lahore| UHT plane milk, Milk powders| | | K K Dairy Pvt. Ltd| Lahore| UHT plane milk, Milk powders| 2005| | Shaker Gunj Foods ltd| | Jaranwala| UHT plane milk, UHT flavored milk, Milk powders| 2003| | Noon Pakistan| Bhalwal| UHT plane milk, UHT flavored milk, Milk powders| 2003| | Engro Foods Ltd| Sukkhar| UHT plane milk, UHT flavored milk, Milk powders| 2005| | Engro Foods Ltd| Sahiwal| UHT plane milk, Ice cream| 2007| | Royal dairy| Karachi| | UHT flavored milk| | | Millac Foods Pvt. Ltd. | Lahore| Milk powders| |. | Military Dairy| Okara| Milk powder and cheese| | | Prime dairy| Lahore| Yogurt| | | Butt dairy| Tandlianwala| Milk powder| | | Idara-e-Kissan| Pattoki| | Pasteurized milk and Milk powder| | | Gourmete| Lahore| Pasteurized milk and ice cream| | | Adam’s Dairy| Sahiwal| Cheese and whey powder| | | Alpha Dairy| Jhung| UHT plane milk, Milk powders| | PROCESSING TECHNIQUE OF UHT MILK ANGRO FOOD INDUSTRY Foods is among the biggest and fastest growing conglomerates in Pakistan with a vision to cater to local needs with products conforming to global standards. Highly passionate about providing millions of people across the length and breadth of Pakistan and beyond with the ultimate brand experience, our product portfolio comprises some of the countrys biggest and best selling brands including Olpers, Olpers Lite, Olfrute, Omore, Omung, Omung Lassi and Tarang. But whether it is our thick, creamy all-purpose milk, scrumptious ice-cream high on nutrition content or refreshing range of fruity beverages, our approach remains largely the same as we strive to keep product innovation at the forefront of our guiding philosophy and consumer satisfaction at the heart of our operational strategy. The word Engro stands for Energy for growth. Engro Corporation limited formerly known as engro chemical Pakistan limited is one of the largest corporation in Pakistan. Engro foods Limited is the subsidiary of Engro Corporation Limited and has started his operations in 2006 (Our Company, 2013). Engro Corporation has chosen the dairy market as their next target to capture. Engro foods are the biggest competitor for the contemporary organization in the dairy industry like Nestle, Haleeb, Good Milk, and Nurpur. Engro foods are coming up with the quality and reliable product and launch multiple products like Ice cream, Milk powders, Fruit juices, and Flavored Milk. 1. 2 Olper’s Milk Olper’s Milk is the brand of Engro Corporation Limited started in 2006, which is providing Milk to the customer in Pakistan. Olper’s Milk is getting more and more reputation every day in the dairy market as Olper’s is providing quality milk and cream to the market. Olper’s Milk is highly Ultra heated milk to preserve the thickness of the milk. Olper’s Milk is the major competitor for the existing organizations in the dairy milk industry. Olper’s Milk has achieved a strong consumer base due to his good quality product all across Pakistan. Olper’s Milk is available in different packs of different weight which is Stock keeping unit (SKU), of 200 ml, 500 ml, 1000 ml, and 1500 ml value packs. In Pakistan Milk contribute 11% to the GDP, and 35 million people are involved in dairy farming (Jassar Farms (Pvt) Limited, 2013). Olpers has secured 51% Market Share in year 2012 (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Engro Foods which has captured 51% market share in the 4th quarter of 2012 is the giant foods service provider in the food and beverages industry of Pakistan. Engro food is the subsidiary of Engro Corporation Ltd. started his operations in 2006. Engro foods are competing with giant companies currently in the food industry and the growth rate indicates that engro foods are big threat for these companies. Over 5 million people in Pakistan are using engro foods products, and over 50 million people start their day with Olpers Milk. Engro foods have two milk processing plant located in Sukkar, and Sahiwal. Engro have one dairy farm in sukkar named NARA dairy farm, which is producing 25,285 liters per day, and a total herd size of 3,444 animals of which 1,707 is part of the milk cycle. Engro foods have over 350 distributors across the country which is covering 12 regions. Olpers have three distribution centers in Islamabad, Sukkar, and Sahiwal. Engro foods have consumer centric marketing strategy for their brands which made engro a giant in the food and beverage industry. 250 ml serving of Tetra pack Calories| 159| Sodium| 0 mg| Total Fat| 0 g| Potassium| 0 mg| Saturated| 0 g| Total Carbs| 12 g| Polyunsaturated| 0 g| Dietary Fiber| 0 g| Monounsaturated| 0 g| Sugars| 0 g| Trans| 0 g| Protein| 8 g| Cholesterol| 0 mg| | | Vitamin A| 0%| Calcium| 22%| Vitamin C| 0%| Iron| 0%| Operations Olper’s Milk is managing its operations in a way to maintain the freshness, quality, and thickness of the milk. Production is the main area responsible for making output of inputs being processed. The Production Manager is responsible for making sure that a needed and proper raw material is provided on timely basis, being processed effectively, and turned into finished goods. The production manager has to supervise all the production process and to make sure that the work is going smoothly and to make it more interesting for the staff. The production department has shift in-charge whenever he takes the control he has to review the ongoing production and what material is needed to order for successful completion of the output. They always communicate with the employees how to handle machinery, packaging material, and quality assurance. Marketing Sales Marketing is the major revenue producing area in any business to plan, price, promote, and distribute product to final consumer. Olpers Marketing includes Situational Analysis, Target Market, Objectives Goals, Marketing Strategies and the Marketing Mix, and Monitoring and Controlling. Due to good marketing strategies engro foods growth is 35% per year, and 181% growth in Earning per Share (EPS) per year, in 2012, (anwer, imran ;, 2013). Olpers have over 350 distributors which are serving 12 regions across Pakistan from the three distribution centers in Islamabad, Sahiwal, and Sukkar. Olpers supply chain has secured 24% growth in volume 5 | P a g e delivery of dairy and ice cream products in the year 2012 (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). General Administration Olper’s Top management is highly qualified, talented, experienced, and holds degrees in Business Administration from the reputed organization of Pakistan and USA. These managers know the importance of team work, commitment, coordination and support of different department to achieve a common goal of the company. In the year 2012, the Board of Director held 6 meeting to cover all the activities and new initiative to be taken in near future (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Human Resource Management. Engro foods have a well-established Human Resource department which support in the company’s growth. Olpers has an innovative, efficient, and talented workforce. Engro food’s HR is one of the best workforces in the country, which is because of its up to date HR Practices the most remarkable of which is recruitment, hiring, training development, performance appraisal. The performance appraisal system of Engro has been declared to be the best in industrial sector of Pakistan. Engro’s Human Resource department has a best leave system. The Human Resource department at Engro foods is doing succession planning and implementing other HR policies pertaining to motivation, retention, and training development of the employees. Engro foods have a best Compensation Administration in the industry, and providing competitive packages to their employees relatively higher than the competitors. Engro Human Resource offers 23 days holiday per to each employee. Engro Human Resources provides PERKS to the employees on top position in type of Car. Engro food has a proper reward system to stimulate performance and productivity of employees. Engro foods believe on equal employment opportunity, and have transparent, merit based performance management system, provide opportunity to employees to acquire knowledge for technical and managerial skills via class rooms, and on job training. Besides this engro provides an environment from all forms of discrimination, and harassment at workplace, provide flexible working arrangement for all, have good reward policies liking to performance (Booklet, 2012, p. 44). Technological Development Olpers has realized that for successful operations there must be an up to date technology to meet the challenges of the market and to compete in the industry. Technology can be a source of competitive advantage for the company. Olpers have latest and unique technology which has been using for pasteurizing, purifying, and preserving the milk. Olpers uses imported plants machinery for the milk processing. They have a proper system of transferring milk from one place to another which protects the milk from light, heat, and bacteria. The Research and development department of Olpers is very efficient and keep look on the new technologies being introducing in the market. Olpers has two processing plants and production farm (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Olpers plant is located at the distance of 8 kilometer from the National High way Sahiwal Bypass Pakpattan Road which covers an area of 33. 5 acres of land and its production range is 70 SKUs of dairy Olpers, Tarang, and Omore. Engro foods has made some changes in its North Plant which include Installation of a new AMF plant with a production capacity of 3000 liters per hour, Installation of two new A3 lines with a production capacity of 6000 liters per hour, Installation of a new SL-900 (Stick production line) with a production capacity of 720 liters per hour, Installation of two new Ecolean lines with a production capacity of 2250 liters per hour each (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). The Engro foods South plant is located at a distance of 1. 5 kilometer from Sukkar Barage, which has covers a 27 acres of land (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Procurement Olpers has its own dairy farm located in Sukkar named NARA dairy farm, which covers 50 acres of land with an additional acreage available for further expansion, and currently have herd size of 3900 animals, which makes it the country’s largest dairy farm. (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). The farm currently produces 25,285 liters per day with a total herd size of 3,444 animals of which 1,707 is part of the milking cycle (Recipes for Success, 3rd quarter, 2012). Olpers is also collecting milk from rural farmers and have suppliers who provide milk on timely basis to make it possible to offer quality milk to the market. Olpers is focusing more and more on quality of raw milk being collected and conducted a test to check the quality and freshness of raw milk after the test the milk is transferred to the plant for further processing. Internationally recognized test were been conducted to check the raw milk such as adulteration, Microbiological contamination, and adequacy of nutritional contents. The test being performed in the initial stage include testing smell, taste, color, temperature, clots boiling, fat test, and iodine value. Olpers has established strong relations with its suppliers, farmers, and machinery providers from abroad. Innovation New olpers milk (3d technology) Engro Foods’ flagship brand Olper’s unveiled new and innovative packaging formats using holographic technology to create a 3D simulation at a local shopping mall. The new packaging formats include a new format for the region that employs Ecolean technology for 250ml, and Tetra Edge for 1 liter pack. Ecolean also referred to as Olper’s Mini Jug is a specialized and convenient jug-shaped pouch that offers ease of pouring and handling the pack. It is an eco-friendly and biodegradable packaging with microwaveable capabilities. Tetra Edge, on the other hand, is a premium-packaging format with benefits of a tilted head and a heli cap, which controls milk spillage, increases the usability of the pack and keeps the milk smell-free. Both these are newest innovations in milk packaging, not just in Pakistan but worldwide. Olper’s is Engro Foods’ flagship dairy brand and has emerged as the leading dairy product in the market since its launch in 2006 after gaining preference over other established brands and securing a loyal consumer base all across Pakistan. Olper’s Milk is sheer indulgence in every sip and is backed by its high nutrition content and invigorating freshness that have become synonymous with the Olper’s brand. The new packagings were unveiled by Olper’s Brand Ambassador Marina Khan. Olper’s created a high definition, extremely intelligent holographic 3D content iGhost to create a jaw dropping virtual world to interact with audience and to take them on a journey which they have never seen or experienced before. iGhost is a technique which creates three-dimensional images. It involves the use of a laser, interference, diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination of the recording. Future of olpers milk olumetric growth of 50% is expected in the dairy segment combined with Rs10 per litre price hike in Olpers and Tarang during April to June 2012,† estimates BMA Capital as detailed account will be released on a later date. Engro Foods became the leader in tetra pack milk market in 2010 and holds a 44% market share as of March 2012. The result is in line with market expectation as analysts estimated the local food giant to make around Rs1 billion. Sales revenue grew by 47% to Rs19,765 billion during the period review, says a notice sent to the Karachi Stock Exchange on Tuesday. The outgoing quarter witnessed addition Omung Lassi to its portfolio. The product is still in the introductory phase and yet to post any significant result. The growth curve is likely to continue upwards as it plans to introduce another 13 products in the near-term future, say analysts. Engro Foods earlier this year announced plans to invest Rs8. 7 billion in expansion this year. Of this Rs2 billion has been set aside for the powdered milk business, whereas the rest will be divided between cold chain infrastructure development, dairy capacity expansion and livestock acquisition. The ice cream segment’s contribution in revenue is also expected to increase to 9. 5% in the second quarter of 2012 from the preceding quarter’s 4. 2% owing largely to a seasonal uptrend in sales, according to BMA Capital. The stand out in the profit and loss statement was financial charges. Financial expenses – the cost of carrying a debt – declined by 10% indicating lower capital expenditure, which is concerning especially given the company’s aggressive expansion plans . Gross margins improved 3. 51 percentage points to 24. 5% thanks to higher prices for premium Olpers brandOther income increased by 294% to Rs172 million likely due to a better cash position. Meanwhile, financial charges decreased by 16% to Rs441 million during January to June 2012. Going forward, market share expansion in the company’s flagship brand Olpers is expected while Omung will likely eat into the loose milk market as well, according to analysts.

Benefits Of Work Life Balance Management Essay

Benefits Of Work Life Balance Management Essay Work Life Balance doesnt necessarily mean fewer hours at work. It is about people feeling satisfied by having an extent of control over how, when and where they work, how they can manage their time and stuffs they want and need to do. This balance is achieved when an individuals right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as a norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and society. The key aspect of work life balance only from an employers viewpoint is numerous. They are of importance because providing an employee with a balanced work-life existence is for the employer and employee. For an example, if the employee is satisfied and happy, the whole exercise must make business sense to the enterprise. In 21st century, life is increasingly difficult with people managing multiple roles. Therefore, they will only stay with a job that offers flexibility. Different people have a different satisfactory balance, but most of the people results from combination of different aspects. The first aspect is the time balance which concerns the amount of time they have to work or the time they do not have to work. The second aspect is involvement balance which means the level of psychological participation or obligation to work and also the level of control on the work whether when and how they will do it. The third aspect is the satisfaction balance which is the level of satisfaction and value on the works given to them. It is important for a company to provide work life balance because it ensures employees are highly effective and motivated while they are on the job. All individuals have different requirements at different points in their life and therefore the concept of work life balance assumes different meanings at each of these stages in life. During young age, an employee would enjoy doing more work and work hard to achieve their targets. However, as soon as he or she begins a family life, the time spent at home with family also consider important. What works for an individual at one point in time need not be a motivator all the time. Therefore as an employer, it is crucial to track and notice on these requirements so that to ensure what is offered to an employee is what an employee needs and wants. Employer must also aware that ensuring a work life balance for the employees is a way to help them fulfil their objectives and their responsibilities. Providing for a work life balance also provide s for time sovereignty which is outmost importance these days. Employees prefer to work flexible hours and like to work when they believe they are most productive. Benefits of Work Life Balance Work life balance able to enhance companys reputation. A company which contain socially responsible employer that treat their employees with respect and ensure a favourable working environment are respected by the wider community. Besides that, a company that build good reputation will be able to attract more potential employees as they want to work for companies that have attractive work-life balance policies and are more likely to show loyalty to companies that provide these. Other than that, work life balance enhances recruitment and retention. Organisations have mutual motivation which is retaining and attracting staff. More and more employees, not only the younger generation which known as Gen Y, but mature workers too, are looking for work-life balance. Therefore, employers who manage to prove that work life balance is possible for their employees will attract more candidates during recruitment especially in a tight labour market. Research shows that increasingly such benefits are valued as much as, or more highly than financial remuneration. Companies that offer work-life balance options are better able to retain the staffs in whom they have already invested and who might otherwise consider leaving if the environment is too stressful or inflexible. Alarmingly, 21st century employees would consider leaving their current job for better work-life balance elsewhere. For example, Kirkcaldie and Stains Ltd, surveyed the students who work in their departmen t store on a part-time basis and found that 84% of them said that the ability to get a satisfactory work-life balance has a lot of influence on whether they would continue to work there. Work life balance able to reduce absenteeism. Absenteeism is a crucial aspect that will affect the productivity and also morale of an organization. This is due to limited amount of staffs that can take over other staffs job and even if there are sufficient staffs, it might not perform as efficient as the staffs which hold that position. Thus, it leads to low productivity and low morale. Work life balance able to increase productivity and shareholder value of an organization. It allows all employees to be developed in every respect due to retention of talent and development of work environment as men and women incorporation and permanence in the job market. Employees who are less overworked and stressed produce a higher quality of work and make fewer mistakes. Employees who are encouraged to consider their personal wellbeing take less time off due to sickness and poor health. In overseas, the evidence that it leads to gains in productivity and increases shareholder value is convincing. For example, in a study covering 500 companies in 12 Asia Pacific countries including China, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, Watson Wyatt found that organisations with strong human resources practices were three times as profitable as the organizations with poor human resources practices which are 64% against 21%. The same study showed that flexible work arrangements incr eased shareholder returns by 3.5%. Besides that, Hewlett-Packards implementation of a compressed work week in the US resulted in a 200% increase in the number of transactions conducted daily. Other than that, a study polled 2,191 managers of different workplaces in Britain. 97% of those in organisations with extensive work-life strategies reported above-average financial performance, compared with 59% of those in typical workplaces. In addition, another study of more than 1,500 managers and employees in the US found that 7 in 10 managers reported that flexible work arrangements increased productivity and improved quality of work. Lastly, an innovative study of Fortune 500 companies found that when a company announced a new work-life programme, its stock price rose an average of 0.48%. This amounted to an average dollar value of US$60 million per company. For comparison, the study also found that when a company announced retrenchments, its stock price dropped an average of 0.38%. Work life balance also raises morale and improves employee relations. Employers use it to encourage culture change among organization and support their employees. Besides that, work arrangements that fulfil the individual needs of employees and provide a greater degree of control over when and how work is done also leads to raised morale and increased loyalty. By using the development of work life balance strategies, it enables social interaction between employees to build trust, boost morale and team spirit. Work life balance can help in lower turnover and manage costs. Flexible work arrangements such as home working can reduce office overheads, save office space and cut down on travel costs. A healthier, less stressed work-force means less costs associated with health-care and absenteeism. Recruitment and training costs can be reduced through improved staff retention and low turnover rate. Work life balance also helps in meeting customer expectation especially businesses with a strong need for customer service have found that developing a successful work-life balance strategy for employees has enabled them to retain staff who are happy to be at work and more responsive to the needs of their customers. Some employers believe that both customers and colleagues have found these employees more interesting and fun to work with. In addition employers understand that to keep their business competitive they need to have the right number of staff, in the right place, at the right time, to meet customer demands. Work life balance able to improve flexibility and fulfil business needs. There are times when all businesses need flexibility from their employees. It may be to change working hours or shifts to meet changing customer demands. It may be to back up colleagues who are on leave or away on training. It could be to complete an important project with a tight deadline. Employees are much more likely to be willing to meet their employers needs if the employer has an established track record of being flexible in meeting their needs. Implementation of Work Life Balance Strategy The model above contains of four crucial steps that an organization should take to implement an effective and sustainable work life strategy. An organization just starting out on work life strategy would need to first establish what work life strategy can do for it. These objectives could include high turnover, low motivation, poor customer service and others. The second step involves assessing business and employee needs. In the third step, these needs are used to design and implement the organisations individual work-life programmes. The fourth step in the cycle involves evaluating the work-life programmes. Evaluation findings can then be used to determine whether the work life programmes and the overall Work-Life Strategy have succeeded, and whether modifications are necessary. Areas for improvement and new objectives could be identified. It is useful to think of these four steps as a continuous cycle of activities. Work-Life harmony is not just a destination but a journey. To be successful it needs to remain relevant to the changing needs of the business and employees which itself may change over time. Step 1: Establish the need to implement or modify a Work Life Strategy Work life strategy is a business strategy, therefore top management as a whole needs to buy into it and align organisational processes to it in order to make it work. Most organizations have implemented work life strategy for one or more reasons. The first reason is to attract and retain talent. Secondly, it is to raise morale and job satisfaction in work place. Thirdly, it is to increase productivity. Fourthly, in order to save on real estate and overhead expenses. Fifthly, it is to reduce health care costs. Sixthly, it is to provide work flexibility in response to changing employee needs. Seventhly, it is in order to increase commitment. Eighthly, the implementation of wok life strategy is to combat burnout. Ninthly, in order to become an employer of choice. Tenthly, it is to ensure the organisation stay ahead of the competition. After establish the need for implementing work life strategy, organisations can then move on to set targets and a timeframe in which to achieve these targ ets. Step 2: Assess business needs and employees work life needs