Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry Essay Example

Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry Paper Analyzing the market involves determining how strong the market is and in what ways it is changing. Segmentation involves breaking apart a large market into smaller groups which share certain characteristics and behaviours. The third stage is selecting target market(s) and matching the 4Ps of the marketing mix (price, product, place and promotion) to the need of the selected segment(s) and, finally, positioning the product being market, whether it is a car, food, or clothing, in the minds of the consumers. If the above marketing process is carried out successfully, then we have effective marketing. This essay will focus on the second stage of the marketing process, segmentation. The essay will begin to discuss the importance of market segmentation and the bases used to segment target markets. Overall, the essay will evaluate Psychgraphic Segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry and the benefits and the limitations of psychographics will be viewed. In addition, use of other segmentation techniques will also be discussed to show where they are predominantly used or where they are used in conjunction with psychographics. Main body For marketing to be effective, a competitive advantage must be gained. This is accomplished through successful segmentation in order to enable markets to have a variety of product needs and preferences and to allow customer needs to be better defined. Psychographic segmentation is one type of segmentation technique which we will concentrate on. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This type of segmentation divides the market into different groups based on social class, lifestyle and personality. This way of segmenting is an interesting way since it gets into how people think in terms of the activities, interests and opinions (AIO) of the people. Thus, by knowing the psychographics of ones customers enables industries to create the correct advertising message. The following table shows some examples of AIO of the people. Psychographics are used in practice in the marketing of cars. One of the variables of psychographics mentioned above which marketers look at is social class. Cars for upper social classes and for lower social classes will be different. It is more likely for example for BMWs to be targeted at lawyers rather than electricians. The Phaeton is the new Volkswagen luxury car which is being targeted at wealthy buyers. This type of car for example along with other such as Audi, Bentley, Bugatti and Lamborghini would only be targeted at those with a high paying job. Jaguar cars are examples of cars which are targeted by Ford at rich gay markets. This type of market is attracted to Jaguars since they have no children and their income is highly disposable. Luxury cars such as those mentioned would not attract non wealthy consumers. Buyers who cannot afford to spend money on cars would simply want any car to get them from one place to another and they wouldnt care about the style of the car. Ford caters for different social stratas. For example its Ka model may appeal most to the younger generation who dont have any family commit to. The Fiesta is aimed at first time drivers who are looking for a cheap car. The Galaxy model is ideal for families as its a people carrier car. Large families will obviously not go and buy a Ka or Fiesta they would buy a larger car such as the Galaxy. The 1. 7 TD Vauxhall Astras are practical family cars so they too would be aimed at consumers with families. The Astra 1. 7 TD is a fast car and can go along way without having to stop for fuel still making it an ideal family car for long drive trips and vacations. As can be seen, markets can be segmented so as to target products according to what the consumers opinion, interests and activities are. A further example of a car targeted at consumer interests is the Ford Puma. This sporty stylish car attracts and satisfies consumers who are into sport. Other segmentation techniques which are used in marketing include geographic demographic and behavioural segmentation. Geographic segmentation divides the market into different geographic units such as nations, countries, regions, cities, demographic into groups based on age, gender and income and behavioural based on occasions, benefit sought, user status, user rate and loyalty status. Demographic segmentation is used by car industries to target consumers. For example, luxury cars such as BMWs and Feraris will be targeted at those people who earn a high income. Also, different cars are targeted at different genders. For example, the Minis are more likely to be targeted at females rather then at males since it is a more feminine car. The stage in peoples life cycle affects marketing. More expensive cars could be targeted at newly married couples since they are more likely to spend money on cars. Occupation is another variable of demographics. People will tend to but cars suitable for their occupation. Geographic segmentation is also used for segmenting the car industry. A four wheel drive car for example is more likely to appeal to and attract consumers living in the country or near the mountains. Both geographic and demographic variables are relatively easy to measure and to get access to however they are not very successful. Why? Well lets take an example. Latino people are all different, listen to different music, eat at different restaurants, and drive different cars. An Asian male who lives in Los Angeles, will probably not like 80% of the same things as another Asian male in Los Angeles but might be an 85% match with a woman who lives in Britain. Relating this to cars, one of the men might like Honda cars like the woman in Britain however the other man might not. The example just described shows that demographics are poor indications of buying habits since they dont show what motivates the customers to purchase the product. Behavioural variables also lack showing what motivates people. They are observable however difficult to like to individuals. Due to the limitations of behavioral variables and demographics, companies have turned more to and are starting to analyze psychographics more. Psychographics allow us to more clearly understand consumers lifestyles and characteristics and give us more complete pictures of individuals thus making it easier to understand how to market products to them. Consumers behave unpredictably. Heath (1996) says that consumers demonstrate loyalties to brands (or not), blindly follow trends (or not), and buy according to their convictions and aspirations (or not). Individuals are innovators in some product categories, but not in others. What they say they do and what they really do are seldom the same (Heath, 1996). She also states that Psychographics help to clarify the behaviours which consumers exhibit. Another benefit to psychographics is that they minimize risks (Weinstein, 1994). Porsche is an example which uses psychographics. Using Demographics, Porshe targeted a homogenous group of male college graduates earning over i 100,000 per year and sold cars costing between i 20 and i 41 thousand to them however it turned out that the wrong people were being marketed. Porshe turned to using psychographics and segmented its market into groups according to the consumers characteristics as shown below: Top Guns: Driven, ambitious. Power and control matter. Want to be noticed. Elitists: Old money. A car is just a car, no matter how expensive. Proud: Ownership an end in itself earned by hard work, no need to be noticed. Bon Vivants: Worldly jet setters and thrill seekers. Car heightens the excitement in their already passionate lives Fantasists: Their car is an escape, uninterested in impressing others, may feel a little guilty about owning a Porsche. Taylor, 1995). By targeting the above different segments, Porshes sales increased. The new 911 Turbo is both fast and exciting and would target consumers who care about their ego. These consumers would probably go for colourful cars in order to attract attention. Apart from the benefits which psychographics possess, there are a number of limitations. Psychographics are not easy to measure and are not normally available from other resources. Researching for psychographics is often confusing and complex and according to Weinstein (1994), it can be very costly. Critics also claim that the categories psychographic research places consumers in overlaps so much that it does not differentiate among consumers1. Gunter (1992) also states that psychographic research can be lengthy and narrow, or unable to be projected onto an entire population. Despite these limitations, psychographics have been used as mentioned above in the examples. What has been found to be an even greater success for understanding consumer behaviour and achieving effective marketing is using psychographics in conjunction with demographics. Income, a demographic variable, plays a very important role in marketing segmentation since it has a great effect on and can change peoples lifestyles. The more money a consumer has the more luxurious his car would be. Gender and sex are two further demographic variables which are used in conjunction with psychographics. The Alpha Spider car used both demographics and psychographics to segment and target consumers. This car attracts buyers who like fast sporty and stylish cars which they can show off and impress others since it posses those features. At the same time, the Alpha Spider would target people with high incomes since only they would be able to afford such a car. This car is also more likely to target men rather than women. Women are more likely to go for more practical cars and features such as the speed of a car wouldnt matter so much to them however, this is not always true. There are some women out there who do like such cars. This last example shows that psychographics and demographics work effectively when used in conjunction with one another.

Effective Listening and Communication

Effective Listening and Communication Since the dawn of time, humans have found a way to communicate. Early humans used symbols and markings in the walls to communicate with one another. Then as humans began to evolve, spoken language became the primary form of communication. At first, there was one language used by all humans, but eventually there became different languages for different cultures. In today's society, there are many different spoken languages throughout the world, however, body language and symbols are still used as universal communication. Verbal communication is the most complex mode. Since effective communication occurs only when the intended meaning is fully received and understood by the listener. It not only requires word knowledge, proper grammar, and understanding ways of delivering the message total communication requires a skilled listener. An unskilled listener is often the reason for breakdowns in communication.Now according to the SCAN report (Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Sk ills) published by the United States Department of Labor, listening is a basic skill requirement for any job candidate.CommunicationThe report defines listening as the ability to receive, attend to, interpret, and respond to verbal messages and other cues. Other cues in communication can be such things as tone of voice, body language, or the use of symbols. The choice of words or language in which a sender encodes a message will influence the quality of communication. Due to the variety of languages in the world, misinterpretation often occurs. Often each individual will interpret the same words differently. Many factors affect how an individual will interpret meaning to particular words. For this reason, it is important to understand your audience and their background and to properly convey your message. Listening properly is the next step in the communication process. The purpose of effective listening is to convey interest...

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 206

Essay Example Besides, if emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere continue, we would experience even more serve climate changes in the next millennium or longer (Solomon et al., 2008)Impact of climate change on the world Adverse carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere in coming years will lead to drastic climate changes that will exist on short and longer scale. However, these changes are bound to be irreversible (Solomon e al 2008).The various climate changes caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have a great impact to the world in general. Some of these changes occur promptly in association with warming while other changes buildup under sustained warming due to the time lags of the involved process (Solomon et al. 2008). Some of these impacts by climate change are Arctic sea ice retreat, a major increase in heavy rainfall and flooding, permafrost melts (Solomon et al. 2008). Other impacts of climate change in the world are increased intensity of hurricanes, loss of glaciers and snowpack with attendant changes in water supply (Oreskes, 2005).Solomon also states in his article that these climate changes will cause adverse increase in sea levels that will eventually lead to unav oidable inundation of many small islands and low-lying coastal areas. Increase in emission of carbon dioxide in the environment will lead to irreversible sea level rise (Solomon et al 2008). According to Solomon, the latter occurrences can be understood via various phenomena take place. For instance, warming causes the ocean to expand thus leading to rise of sea level. In addition, loss of land ice also contributes majorly to sea level rise as the world warms. According to study, using current ice discharge data suggests that ice sheet contributes close to 1-2 m to sea level in the next century (Solomon et al 2008). There are several measures that ought

A report on a research topic linked to the BP share price Essay

A report on a research topic linked to the BP share price - Essay Example The reason for this fluctuation is elaborated in the report by considering each year’s share price performance. The raw data available regarding the share price of BP is divided into three parts, considering five years and four years intervals. The data is analysed in order to study the movement of share price during the periods, along with operation of the company. The technical analysis in form of graphical representation of raw data is employed in order to examine movement of shares over the years. The report highlights the main aim of the study, along with three research questions, which describes the aim. Lastly, the report ends with a conclusion and recommendations pertaining to performance of the share price of BP. Before undertaking a research, realizing the research aim is very important so as to define what the researcher desires to find out. However, the research objective describes the process, which will help in achieving the proposed aim. The main aim of the study is to examine performance of the share prices of BP PLC, over the period of 2000-2013. Share price movement is observed in order to draw a conclusion on performance of the company over the years. In order to find answers to the abovementioned research questions, technical analysis has been employed. Technical analysis refers to forecast of financial price movements in the future based on the past data available for a particular stock. The price actions are studied in order to get a clear picture of movement in share prices. The technical analysis helps to determine the share price trend as bullish or bearish and accordingly, future movement of the share is established. It helps to invest money in trade since the analysis provides an idea regarding trend of the market. The movement in share prices is described in form of graphical representation by dividing the raw price data of BP shares into three parts; considering the interval to be 5 - 5 - 4

Facility & Equipment Injuries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Facility & Equipment Injuries - Essay Example Backboard cables can be any hazard for injury. Dunking is a frequent occurrence in the game of basketball. Therefore use of poorly constructed rims that do not break on hard impact pose risk to the hands of basketball players (Borkowski, 2004). Improperly designed basketball rims can also be a hazard for basketball players, when they dunk the basketball (Kidman & Hanrahan, 2004). Debris, or dirt, or playing floors and missing or raised floor plates can also cause injuries to players (Borkowski, 2004). To prevent injuries from collusions with objects outside the playing area, I will create buffer zones providing a minimum of three feet space from the playing area; preferably I would like to have buffer zones of ten feet. I will regularly check the backboard cables to ensure that they do pose any hazard to the players. I will report any faulty rims and backboards to the authorities, and will not allow the players to use them till they are replaced. I will regularly ensure that dirt, debris, and wet spots from the playing floors. In the case of raised floor plates I will report it to the authorities, and the relevant playing area will not be used till the defects are addressed. In this manner I hope to reduce injuries to basket ball players from facilities and equipment (Borkowski,

Ethical concerns of the little albert study

Ethical concerns of the little albert study 1. The first major ethical concern we encountered in this exam period was that of Watson and his Little Albert study. The modern code of ethics denounces evoking fear responses from human participants, unless the participant has been made aware of and consented beforehand. As an infant, Albert was obviously unable to give consent and also unable to realize that what he was taking part in was controlled research. Scaring a child to the point where he is visibly terrified and crying seems unequivocally immoral. I take more issue with the fact that Watson didnt remove the fear in Albert by de-conditioning him, even though he had time to allow for it. The impact of the study might justify ethical wrongs it committed. It is one of the most influential studies on phobias of all time, paving the way for counterconditioning (Cover Jones) and other therapies that have allowed millions of people to overcome incapacitating fears and emotional issues. Another case briefly covered this exam period was the study done by Schreiner and Kling on Kluver-Bocy Syndrome. The syndrome is a behavioral disorder that typically occurs as a result of damage or malfunction of the amygdale. In carrying out their research, Schreiner and Kling removed the amygdale of cats and monkeys (Squire 201). This research led to a greater understanding of the brain and the importance of the amygdale, but obviously came at a cost to the animals involved in the testing. Modern research by Rusiko Bourtchouladze has shown the syndrome to hinder the ability to understand feelings and emotions. He describes how they lose their desire to compete or cooperate and an inability to detect sadness, disgust, fear or rage (Bourtchouladze 83). This is in addition to highly unusual sexual practices and various memory and recognition problems. The research was illuminating, but in retrospect, leaving an animal with a disorder in the process seems unethical and avoidable. The last psychologist Ill highlight is Harry Harlow, one of the most ethically controversial figures of modern psychology. The knowledge he attempted to gain from his research was noble; understanding the caretaker-child relationship and how this relationship leads to certain behaviors and abnormalities in the childs maturation. The execution, however, is highly unethical by todays standards. Many of the monkeys Harlow experimented on were severely traumatized by their time in the research lab. Harlow employed devices such as his rape rack to artificially inseminate monkeys and also a pit of despair to produce isolation and depression. In addition, he purposefully tried to evoke fear responses in the animals and admitted to physically abusing some of the subjects. It really doesnt come as a surprise that many of the subjects of his studies were left permanently psychotic upon the completion of the research. As ethically deplorable as Harlows studies may seem today, the impact of his studies do seem to justify their moral impropriety. The influence and impact of Harlows studies are high; they helped improve and educate society about parenting. Many of those from my fathers generation grew up with limited intimacy and affection from their parents. My dad told me that his father rarely showed any sort of physical affection towards him, never once hugging him or telling him that he loved him. The work of Harlow helped illuminate just how important contact comfort and affection is in the relationship between a child and its caregivers. This principle has also helped positively shape the methods used in dealing with children that have been abused and children in orphanages. Furthermore, some study had to be the one that led to a major push in ethical reform of psychological research. Harlows highly unethical treatment of his rhesus monkeys was a major factor in the animal advocacy movement an d also in the creation of the American Psychological Associations code of ethics. Harlow was wrong, but the publicity and attention he brought to his studies had the side effect of revealing some of the improper and unethical practices that had been occurring within psychological research. Bourtchouladze, Rusiko. Memories are made of this: how memory works in humans and animals. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Print. Squire, Larry R.. The history of neuroscience in autobiography . Washington D.C.: Society for Neuroscience, 1996. Print. 2. In contrast to the dominant thinking of the time, John Watsons behaviorism relied only on observable behav ­ior for its information. His Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It is now known as the behaviorist manifesto and is one of the most influential documents in the formation of behaviorism. The prevailing school of thought in psychology at the time relied heavily on introspection, but Watson did not believe introspection to be objective enough to be measured and accurately portrayed as science. In hoping to increase this objectivity, he took the focus away from enigmatic mental processes and placed it on empiricist principles that sought to predict and control actions. Emotions to him werent understandable through introspection but rather as a response to a stimuli. One of his major pieces of research was his study of Little Albert. Albert, an infant, was exposed to a white rat which he showed no visible fear towards. Watson then began accompanying the presentation of the ra t with a loud noise. Eventually Albert was conditioned to associate the two; even when the noise was discontinued, Albert kept his fear response when presented with the rat. This study verified to Watson that conditioned reflexes could be used to explain behavior and that psychological research should be rooted in observable stimuli and responses to these stimuli. Skinner was a proponent of a school of behaviorism called radical behaviorism. In many ways, his behaviorism, which focuses on operant conditioning, has supplanted the behaviorism of Watson. Skinner was focused on behavior as a function of schedules under which rewards are attained. Rather than the reflex focused theory of Watson, Skinner incorporated more the role of consequences in behavior and conditioning. Many human and animal actions cant simply be explained as reflexes. Writing this paper, for example, is not a reflex and the stimuli that govern it do not precede it. Rather, it is influenced by what follows it, its consequences, such as a good grade and the outcome of a good grade. Of interest to Skinner in understanding behavior are the types of reinforcement we get from our actions. Positive results from a behavior will typically increase that behavior and negative results will decrease it. One of Skinners famous studies was that of superstition in the pigeon. Placing pigeon s in a box that would release food at regular intervals, Skinner found that the pigeons associated the release of the food with whatever coincidental action they had performed as it was delivered. The pigeons would then repeat this action, believing it to have an effect on the releasing of the food. This study helped continue to cement Skinners belief in and support for operant conditioning. Tolman rejected Watsons reflex based form of behaviorism. He felt that mental processes could be objective and measurable in the same way physical ones were, broadening behaviorism to incorporate the psychological concepts of purpose and cognition. To Tolman, learning does not have to manifest itself in performance, nor is reinforcement needed to connect stimuli. For Tolman, reinforcement is not the essential aspect of learning that Skinner claims it to be. Rather, we can learn things latently and then use them in a flexible manner that may not necessarily be immediate. He used studies involving rats and various mazes to demonstrate that we can learn even when rewards are not present. Rather than a rigid model based in automatic responses, Tolman saw us as creating tentative, cognitive maps that indicate to us routes, paths and relationships that are relevant to goal orientation. His theory of goal-directed behavior focuses on an organisms behavior, what it is attempting to accomplis h with the behavior and where it is going. Tolman also took Skinners idea of a third variable (a variable other than stimuli and response) and tweaked it to suit his own form of behaviorism. Rather than something external in the environment as Skinner posited, Tolmans intervening variable was something mental occurring within the person or animal, such as hunger, motivation, intelligence, or intention. A June 2002 survey by the Review of General Psychology chose Skinner as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century and I agree. He is often credited with the change in terminology for renaming academic psychology departments behaviorism departments during the 1950s. His work is highly influential in academia, psychological treatment and therapy, and the understanding of learning, education, communication, and human behavior. 3. The person in psychology that we have covered in class that has resonated most with me is Mortons study on skull size and its use to justify racism. Morton conducted an extremely biased study where he found the skull size of Caucasians to be largest and North American Indian and Africans to be smallest. His study prompted many to believe that Indians and blacks were of a different species and, in a highly Christian influenced culture, that the bible was not directed at them. This implied that African and Native Americans were not destined to heaven as their Caucasian and Asiatic counterparts were. His ethnology was accepted as a way to justify racism and slavery against the Africans who were forcefully brought to the U.S. against their will for labor. In regards to the Indians, their mistreatment was justified since they were looked at as savages or a subhuman race. In this theory, it was believed that the size of one skull is the decisive factor in terms of ones mental capacities and belief system where a larger skull is most desirable. Even if skull size was an accurate way to determine intelligence, it is obviously not true that all Caucasians would have larger skulls than all blacks. There might be some Caucasians with small skulls and blacks with larger. He was selective in choosing his subjects though where he had more women for the groups that were supposedly inferior since generally, women have smaller skulls sizes than men. This produced his desired outcome. This was a landmark study because racism had existed long before this study was published. It still continues today after this study was found to be erroneous. At the time of the study though, Caucasians justified the mistreatment of other races. They were inferior and lacked the intellectual capacities so it was not immoral. It was found though that Morton only used data that supported this conclusion and rejected data that might counter his argument. It is interesting that after this study was found to be false, other eugenic studies have come out insinuating that whites were superior. (Herrnstein and Murrays The Bell Curve comes to mind as a modern example.) These studies show the way the human mind operates. It is obvious that there was a sense of guilt in the mistreatment of other races. The only way to justify these actions to God would be through science where treating an inferior group poorly would not be immoral. The inferior group would not understand this mistreatment. Mortons study also shows that the groups doing the mistreating knew that what they were doing was not right. They knew that it was not moral to forcefully remove a race and ultimately annihilate it as they did with the Native American race and on the other hand, forcefully bring another race in a country, stripping them from their families, to act as slaves. Another way that the Caucasian race showed their sense of superiority was through the assimilation of other groups. Many Native American tribes were forced into boarding schools where their language was forbidden, converted into Christianity, and forced to embrace western culture. They did not believe the Native culture to be as refined or sophisticated as theirs. This study seems absurd through the 21st century lens however it was widely accepted at the time. Racism still exists today in more subtle ways. The American Dream is supposedly attainable for all yet there are still disproportionate numbers of whites at the top and racial minorities at the bottom in terms of wealth. Success in this country is determined by factors that are biased towards the upper class Caucasian group. It is possible for other races to be successful but there are more barriers to entry. For one, racism makes some racial groups believe that they are not good enough to make it to college or top jobs in a self fulfilling prophecy. It is disheartening to think that the remnants of this study, however absurd they seem, still negatively affect the out groups today. 5) In class we discussed different cases in which scientists have cheated. There are different reasons why these scientists cheated but all are for personal gain or simplifying their studies. The types of cheating are data fabrication, selective exclusion of results, plagiarism, and ghost-writers. We see these same types of cheating in our world today whether it is in our peers, ourselves, our government, or large corporations. Comparing the case of Kammerer and the actions that resulted in the 2008 government bailout, we see two instances where data fabrication occurred. In Kammerers studies he was trying to prove that acquired traits could be passed down through heredity. Today this is known not to be true but Kammerer proved it through cheating in a study with toads and nuptial pads. The nuptial pads were acquired when toads lived and mated in an aquarium.   He claimed that the offspring of these toads who lived in aquariums and acquired the nuptial pads were born with the pads as well.   It was later found that he had actually injected the offspring with ink to imitate the nuptial pads to support his theory of heredity of acquired traits. Kammerer committed suicide and in a last note, he stood by his word that he did not commit fraud but was suspicious of someone who manipulated his study. During the financial crisis many large financial institutions were selling securities that they knew were not good investments to their clients. Selling these securities would give them money in the short term. In the long run though, they lost money and many organizations had to declare bankruptcy. They claimed that the government had to bail them out otherwise the whole countrys finances would collapse, which arguably happened anyway. The average American was defrauded into debt through the credit rating system. The ratings are used by investors to determine the risk of the credit ideally making the costs lowest for both borrowers and lenders. Financial products and investments were given high grades even if they were risky or bad investments. The low interest rates were an incentive for Americans to buy things they simply could not afford through borrowing. Often times the bankers would bet against an investment or loan that they gave a high rating to. This would give them more mo ney if the loan failed. In both cases the motives involved personal gain. In the Kammerer case, he wanted to make a landmark discovery that would put him down in history as one of the greatest scientists. He did not directly have innocent victims but could have misled the public to believe that something was possible that was not. Also, being a scientist, he should have known that future studies would be done involving his theory and would undoubtedly find his theory to be false. In the case of the large financial institutions giving bad loans and falsely rating investments, their incentive was to get more money for themselves regardless of who would suffer. The United States was the victim in this matter causing the greatest recession since the great depression. People lost their savings and homes. The perpetrators were not punished and should have been. I found the latter case to be far more problematic with fewer consequences. The financial institutions did not seem to have any sort of guilt since it was a large umbrella organization and not one single individual as in the former case. Kammamer obviously felt guilty about his actions and took his own life as a result. In that case tangible things were not taken but rather a false idea was put in the minds of the public. In the latter case, many people lost everything they had. Their careless actions caused many people depression in the aftermath. The individuals on Wall Street failed to perform their job and made the American people pay for their mistakes through their losses and in the tax dollars they used in bailing them out.

Usher and Red Death Essay -- essays research papers

Run From Death and You’ll End Up Finding It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allen Poe is famous for his gothic stories and poetries. In The Fall of the House of Usher, the narrator visits his old childhood friend, Roderick Usher. The Usher family is a noble family that is well known for their incestual behavior, which leads to multiple deformations for their offspring. The only living heirs of the Usher family are the twins, Roderick and Madeline Usher, forever chained to the decrepit house they live in with no chance of escape. In The Masque of the Red Death, a plague is reeking havoc upon the country and Prince Prospero can only do one thing: lock himself and his noble subjects in the abbey to party and not worry about death. In both of the short stories, the characters are stationed inside their house, trying to forget all miseries, but death still occupies the back of their minds. The characters within the short stories are trying to prevent death by running away, but they end up rounding the corner to meet up with Death again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Fall of the House of Usher, the noble Roderick and Madeline Ushers are the remaining children of the family line. Since they have been keeping their bloodline pure, they have developed some unusual traits that prevent them from leaving their decaying house. As Madeline lives with a life-threatening disease that will soon take her life one day, Roderick refuses to see his twin sister die in that painful man...

Appeasement Policy- Failure

Appeasement was the policy adopted by the British and French prime ministers in 1930s towards Germany. The aim of which was to settle international quarrels by satisfying Germany’s grievances, thereby avoid the resort to war which in other words, maintain peace. There are several reasons to why the appeasement policy was adopted. Such as, Britain and France were both suffering from economic depression and thus felt that they could not afford to spend a large expenditure on arms to combat Germany.Besides, there was a feeling that the treaty of Versailles was too harsh towards Germany and it was reasonable to reduce the policies. The appeasement policy was based on the idea that what Hitler wanted was reasonable and when his reasonable demands had been satisfied, he would stop. However it gave Hitler the confidence to demand more land, such as taking over Czechoslovakia, another step towards the Greater Germany. Later on Hitler demanded the Polish Corridor and Danzig in August 1 939, which eventually resulted in war.The appeasement policy fueled Hitler's actions to further devalue the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler broke the treaty of Versailles by sending troops to Rhineland, in addition to that Germany united with Austria which was originally banned in the Treaty of Versailles. At the same time, Germany gained time to build up their armed force and gain more military power. The policy aggravated Hitler’s ambitions and aggressions; he decided that Britain and France were unlikely ever to oppose him by force. Germany attacked Poland which at last led to WWII.If France and Britain had stood up to Germany then Hitler would not have been so bold in what he was doing. If they did not adopt the appeasement policy, they might be able to force him to back down without a fight or defeated Germany in a much shorter, less destructive war. Instead they kept giving Hitler what he wanted, hoping to appease him, which ended up Germany getting stronger and stronger u ntil defeating her required a catastrophic war. In conclusion, the appeasement policy was not effective in maintaining peace; instead it aggravated Hitler’s confidence and aggression which in the end led to WWII.

Charles law Essay Example

Charles law Essay Example Charles law Essay Charles law Essay QUAFFING and implies the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions. INARTICULATE refers to aquaculture practices in marine or salt water environments. 2. Detail description of main division in aquaculture and the respective subsection I) Inarticulate it) Fresh water culture Sea weed farming Bivalve farming (kerning,keeps) Fish and prawn farming (in cages) Ornamental fish rearing (in aquarium) Fish (tillage, keel) close to the shore Prawns (dang galahs) Ornamental fish (carp, Koki, goldfishes) 3. Brief discussion on modern tech of catching fish in Malaysia Modern methods (in the open seas): The modern methods are used by commercial fishermen who own medium size fishing vessels (trawlers) equipped with Vessel Monitoring System (VIM), as follows: use of satellite Global Positioning System (GAPS), sonar, fish finder depth finder. The vessel has freezer compartments to store caught fish for a long period of time. The fishermen may be at sea for 5-7 days on a trip. 4. Tigress of hardness of wood and examples of forest species in each categories. Hard wood egg: Belgian, Gilligan bat, congeal, areas, teak / Sati, mahogany Semi hard wood egg: Anatoly, segment, emeriti, kaput, kerning etc. Soft wood egg. Acacia managing Tropical forest SSP. Are mainly of Dipterous group which includes rat mat belled, Sati, segment, kaput, arras, mahogany, teak, congeal etc 5. Management of f orest for logging activities. Main products from forest trees. In the Forest trees may take 30-40 years before the trunk reach a certain diameter when they can be felled for timber. Forest trees are felled using chain saws and bulldozers. The logs are transported out to a collection centre and later taken out of the forest to the saw mills which process them into various timber products. Sometimes unprocessed logs are exported to various countries by barges. The products from forestry include: 1. Sawn timber: for making houses, furniture, wall paneling, posts etc. 2. Plywood: for partition/wall, furniture. 3. Pulp and paper (from soft wood SSP): for paper production (egg: Acacia managing) 6. List of tropical rain forest integrated with various types of recreational facilities. Well-known tropical rain forest sites with recreation facilities are: Atman Engage Bellum Forest Reserve FRI, Keeping, Sung Chocking, Lulu Lang, Clangor. Adman Valley, Saba Malibu Basin , Saba Mull National Park, Karakas. 7. Agronomist and its component The agro-tourism components are restricted to tourists visiting : 2. Crop-related projects. Agro-tourism components include: Diversity of crop SSP. Planted 1 . Agriculture O the agriculture practices adopted, some of which are related to: agro-forestry, ornamental plant nursery, mushroom farming, agric. Horticulture wows, floral fest, landscape competition etc. O rare or unique plant SSP. In their natural environments 8. Agro-tourism projects available in the country A few of these man-made projects are listed below. Baling River Echo-Resort, Saba FRI, Keeping, Clangor Atman Pertain Bucket Acacia Shah Lam, Clangor Saba Agriculture Park Atman Botanic, Atman Putts Operand, Atman Warns Pertain Pituitary etc. (Carr sender) 10. List ing of important contributions of agriculture industry to the Malaysian economy (Carr sending) 1 1 . Ascription of cattle rearing sys such as livestock-oil palm integration and the deed lot system FEEDLOT SYS In this system, the animals (cattle or goats) are placed in sheltered houses and the feeds and water are brought to them. The animals are kept and fattened in the shed for about 3-4 months after which they are sold. About 250 heads of cattle can be placed in one ha of land, but feed cost is high, a major constraint to some farmers Under the feed-lot system, the cattle (or goats) are fed with cattle feed (pellets), supplemented with silage or fresh grass. Other forms of feeds often used are:I -PACK ii -Rice bran iii-fresh cocoa pods INTEGRATION O For initial weed control: 400-500 heads of cattle are allowed to graze on a 40 ha lot, and the animals are moved to a new area daily. Electric fence is used to control the movement of animals. This mob grazing stops when weed growth is suppressed. O On continuous grazing (commercial rearing) in oil palm plantation, the average stocking rate is: one (1) animal/ha (on a good under- storey vegetation) or 1 animal per 2 ha if the vegetation under the oil palm canopy is poor. 2. Seaweeds and its commercial products Seaweed farming: In Saba, seaweed farming is promoted amongst

buy custom Science and Superstitions essay

buy custom Science and Superstitions essay Science is a study that uses research findings to prove or disapprove a certain phenomenon. In science, data collected from research work and subject to interpretation come up with some logical conclusions that are quantifiable. A superstition is a traditional outstanding belief about a certain occurrence or something. An example is the belief of getting sick which is viewed differently by the supporters of science and superstition. To illustrate, scientists argue that diseases are due to disease causing pathogens. Superstitious beliefs in history have different explanations of the same phenomena. Some believe that people get sick due to wrongdoing and deviation from the ancestors wishes. Interestingly, while scientists have strongly backed their arguments, superstitious believers just trust what they deem the cause of this suffering. Hank claims that he can bring the sun back after an eclipse that was untimely. Merlin, on the other hand, claims that his magic tricks can bring the light back, yet Merlin is not able to do this in the end. Similarly, another duel comes up when Hank blows up Merlins tower with lightning and dynamite and claims to be a better magician than Merlin since Merlin is not able to prevent the destruction by incantations (Twain 449). Hank who uses the scientific knowledge to m ake a destructive lightning can state and explain exactly what causes the destruction. Merlin who uses supernatural powers has no grounds to support as to why the he cannot control destruction. Hank Morgan is, in fact, manipulating people with his tricks (science) that are just slightly different from what Merlin does with his false magic. They both want the same thing to make King Arthur believe in their magic so that they gain the control (Twain 450). When Hank and Merlin were competing to prove who is mightier, several experiments performed by Hank Morgan appeared successful opposed to Merlins attempts which were done in vain. The theory of science and superstition contrasts is evident from these tricks. Hank Morgan conducts yet another trick by restoring the flow of miraculous waters at the valley of holiness as Merlin attempts but is unable to accomplish his mission (Twain 450). Hank disguises people who have no scientific knowledge when he defeats Merlin on his field. These people regard the experiments conducted by Hank by confusing them as also magical. After his defeating trials, Hank finally concludes that science is magic and that he is the best magician (Twain 450). Hank protects his compound with electric fence unknown to Merlin who has a belief that he can cross the fence, which in an attempt is electrocuted and dies instantly. Hank was disguising himself as magic that Arthur had no reason to refuse since there were no grounds to dispute. Everyone is now confused of the difference between science and magic. Science deals with facts while magic does not. To illustrate, Hank is not in a position to control the sun eclipse but alters statements that are found to be true. The difference between the two is only the fact that science has some underlying facs, but magic dwells on unforeseen powers. Hank uses generally unknown powers of science and technology, like a pocket battery, to start a water pump to drive water up the valley of holiness. This relation between science and magic is evident when Hank defeats the surrogate Merlin through disguise. Science is easy to understand since it uses defined principles that are uniform in results and not hard to comprehend. It seems, supernatural powers are not applicable since the 19th century as science has been developing very fast with more and more sophisticated machines being invented. Twain in his novel creates the ambivalence of the paradox of the magical science. The different types of sciences include the one that uses progress, reasoning and a high degree of civilization and the one representing a Connecticut Yankee. These two sciences are in opposite sides of each other. The invention of the telephone in 1880 is related to the implementation of scientific machines, which brought a difference of lifestyle. Science is very important in everyday life to perfect our performance in all fields. From the history of science, people used science in making work simple even during the Stone Age. Early man used the knowledge of friction to make fire. Actually, that was science at those times. Everything around us is surrounded by facts of science that can be used to improve a previously used method. Superstitions have no account since the ground of whatever happens is baseless, and only the practitioner knows what is happening. Sometimes one may think and conclude that these magic things do not work and are just mind tricks. From the past in the Christian society, Jesus performed miracles that were magical. Nobody could exactly explain what Jesus did since the acts were magic. Hank used his knowledge of science as magic to woe people about his powers to handle so many things unknown to anybody else. Hank uses things that are mechanically fit to simplify work. These include bicycles, water pumps, sewing machines, and the power of electricity. These things are given as gifts to the working people who were serving Arthur efficiently. He, therefore, uses science as magic for his own benefits. The industrial revolution that took place in the late 1880s happened because of science: since people were able to communicate using telephones, use simple machines to produce goods and ease transportation of people. These machines and activities are not actually magic. Machines used steam to propel them from one point to another. This was magic, as perceived by people. In this context, one may argue that the superstition belief developed because of lack of knowledge within the evolving minds of people. We can, therefore, conclude that superstition as a strong belief of what we cannot explain. Hank uses this fact to disguise and benefit from the prevailing circumstances of people who have nothing to say about science. In fact, superstitions have never worked anywhere but have been used to benefit the person using grounds that are not straightforward. The theory of occult is not documenteed anywhere in the history of discoveries. Superstition and science are interrelated in a way that each of them aims at delivering knowledge that is not common to everybody. Discoveries serve a big role in this field. Science has played a great role in the civilized world since the industrial revolution took place. It brings about knowledge of problem solving related to making work easier. Machines and power that are still under scientific investigation create very many job opportunities, which lead to improved standards of living. The magic science has not done much since those who practice the magic are still living in the past time of the 18th century. This was proved by the comparison of Hank and Marlin when they competed for who had stronger magic powers. This proves that in ancient times, the empires and kingdoms practiced magic as a measure of strength. Anybody who could move the masses with his or her magic got automatic recognition from the state. This is different from the world today where science exhibitions organ ized by different states to enhance creativity in the world are popular. Scientific inventions today bear names of the persons who discovered them. These include the discovery of the telephone by Bell, which is now Bells electric phone. Discoveries will never live for a long time since people still need to advance in different fields. Most companies today are employing research departments to explore different ways of advancing the development of production and improving sales. In the times when superstitions worked they were not accountable for the outcomes. Magic power worked during the era when science was magic to the people..Science is applicable to the advancement of the technology that creates the basis of any industrial state. Development in a state is dependent on the level of scientific innovation. The most productive countries have a history of investment in science and technology leading to increased agricultural and industrial production. This field of study development includes social sciences that use scientific methods in carrying out research in behavior. The behavior of a machine, human beings, and animals is under research using scientific processes. This process predicts the outcome of a phenomenon and hence enables recommendations. Science has replaced ancient theories of everything dwelling on magic. Kings and emperors used superstition to woe people into their strong belief. Kings used magicians to give interpretations of their problems and provide solutions. This is opposite to the thought of this field of study. Now everybody looks at the possibility of development using scientific knowledge. Solution to problems depends entirely on scientific knowledge. The study is slowly developing from the grass roots to the international development. To empower scientists the governments are supposed to invest heavily to advance the countrys development. The conclusion of the comparison between these theories gives an insight that superstition is also science but of ancient times. The real science of these days depends on the integration of research. Buy custom Science and Superstitions essay

Risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Risk management - Essay Example Even it is also consisted of implementation of a program for assessing the effectiveness. Therefore, it can be said that risk management is an ongoing process. There are four ways to deal with the risk. The first method consists of just rejecting the risk hopping that it will be resolved automatically. Accepting the risk and initiating appropriate actions against the risk can be another option. Transfer of the risk is another measure which indicates the acceptance of alternative risk, higher than the reasonable risk. Lastly, to mitigate the risk i.e. to implement the physical, administrative and technical controls in order to reduce the risk is the another way. Risk assessment is a process or examination through which it can be understood that what can be harmful for the workplace and how it can be prevented in advance. It is important because it gives the authority an advanced alert for the risk that may occur in future so that the future accidents can be avoided. Apart from accident, risk assessment is also useful for reducing insurance cost and damages in machineries. This is a part of risk management and can be better understood by the following diagram. The main objective of the risk assessment is to determine the risk associated with a particular asset. In order to assess risk successfully, few more steps have to be followed, firstly the critical information regarding the assets have to be gathered and possible threats attached with the asset should be identified. Then, the vulnerabilities of the threats and possibility of exploitation are assessed. For assessment of risk, quite a few steps have to be taken. At the outset, identification of risk is necessary. The assessor must visit each and every corner of the work place to have a better understanding with the present condition of the plants and equipments attached in it along with the premises. They may also take advice of the employees. Then, it has to be made out that who are the

Legal and Ethical Issues in the Workplace Essay

Legal and Ethical Issues in the Workplace - Essay Example Such an environment guarantees success of the goal. Leaders of an organization are expected to lead higher standards of morality in a workplace. It has been observed that companies that observe ethical decisions show more productivity by employee and turnover ratio is very low. It has also been observed that companies who observe ethical decisions just because they have to be complied to are usually hostile environments and human resources seldom wish to retain in such companies (â€Å"Ethics in the Workplace Training Helps Employees Understand their Personal Obligations  » Workplace Answers†, n.d.). In order to protect the moral standards of a work place and to ensure that people are happy to work together, laws are put in place. These laws comprise of explaining a code of conduct and some ethical policies. Consequences of violation of these laws are also elaborated in these laws. This check and balance ensures that people know their rights and decide to work in a way that will not put them into serious legal complications. The consumers benefit from an ethical environment as well. They become loyal customers of the brand when they realize that the company keeps its integrity intact by displaying a good sense of responsibility (â€Å"Ethics in the Workplace Training Helps Employees Understand their Personal Obligations  » Workplace Answers†, n.d.). Alcohol and drug usage is a concern at work places as its usage is synonymous to an irresponsible attitude. A serious attitude is required at workplace. It has been observed that people who use drugs or alcohol tend to take more leaves from office and hence are not regular employees. Another study reveals that the productivity declines with the usage of alcohol or drugs. It is estimated that people who use it are ten to sixty percent less likely to perform well as compared to people who do not indulge in it. It is also known that drug abuse and excessive alcohol usage calls for frequent accidents ( Raskin, 1993, p. 45-81). This may result in legal complications. Employees feel being accused if they are asked to get themselves checked at workplace. They find it a breach in their privacy and do not accept the test as socially important. They also feel being controlled. There is a need to make them understand that this measure is taken as a safety precaution majorly. They should be discouraged from discriminating people. They should be trained to encourage the impacted colleagues to stop its usage when coming to work and to lead a healthy life by controlling the abuse. Employees are usually monitored at work places by using cameras or even key loggers on their systems. Employers feel that they are gaining knowledge about their business this way. They think it will help them maintain this knowledge. It is suggested in research that the monitoring should be transparent and people should be made accountable to maintain knowledge effectively and not be secretly monitoring it. It has been estimated that a company that has 500 employees that spend time on internet for half an hour a day, the loss the company bears is approximately one million dollars (Yerby, 2013, p. 45-48). On the other hand labor unions claim that electronic monitoring induces stress in the work place and makes the organization use it in negative ways against the employers too. They use emails for communication